Márk Jelasity, Spyros Voulgaris, R. Guerraoui, Anne-Marie Kermarrec, M. Steen
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Gossip-based communication protocols are appealing in large-scale distributed applications such as information dissemination, aggregation, and overlay topology management. This paper factors out a fundamental mechanism at the heart of all these protocols: the peer-sampling service. In short, this service provides every node with peers to gossip with. We promote this service to the level of a first-class abstraction of a large-scale distributed system, similar to a name service being a first-class abstraction of a local-area system. We present a generic framework to implement a peer-sampling service in a decentralized manner by constructing and maintaining dynamic unstructured overlays through gossiping membership information itself. Our framework generalizes existing approaches and makes it easy to discover new ones. We use this framework to empirically explore and compare several implementations of the peer-sampling service. Through extensive simulation experiments we show that---although all protocols provide a good quality uniform random stream of peers to each node locally---traditional theoretical assumptions about the randomness of the unstructured overlays as a whole do not hold in any of the instances. We also show that different design decisions result in severe differences from the point of view of two crucial aspects: load balancing and fault tolerance. Our simulations are validated by means of a wide-area implementation.
期刊介绍:
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) presents research and development results on the design, implementation, analysis, evaluation, and use of computer systems and systems software. The term "computer systems" is interpreted broadly and includes operating systems, systems architecture and hardware, distributed systems, optimizing compilers, and the interaction between systems and computer networks. Articles appearing in TOCS will tend either to present new techniques and concepts, or to report on experiences and experiments with actual systems. Insights useful to system designers, builders, and users will be emphasized.
TOCS publishes research and technical papers, both short and long. It includes technical correspondence to permit commentary on technical topics and on previously published papers.