EDTA/EMD as root chemical agents on enhancing the attachment of gingival fibroblast: In vitro study

Background: Since chronic periodontitis has destroyed the root surface, it is challenging for fibroblast cells to bind to the root during root covering therapy. The ability of the gingival fibroblast to deposit collagen and regain attachment depends on the root surface microstructure; thus, the surface must be treated to be more compatible with gingiva cells. Aim of Study: The study aimed to compare the efficiency of EDTA/EMD root conditioning agents and the capability to modify the root surface at the microstructure grade to deliver a fundamental surface to stimulate fibroblast adherence. Materials and methods: Healthy extracted teeth were collected; a total of samples (n=30) have been split into a control group and four test groups, each with six samples. The test groups have been conditioned with either HA, 24% EDTA, EMD, or EDTA/EMD for two different time intervals. Fibroblast cells were planted on each sample and then incubated for 72 hours. Cell density in groups was determined using the MTT assay. Results: Adhesion of viable fibroblast to the root surface showed variable results with varied materials and application times. Generally, it was higher in the longer-time duration groups except for HA. The most favorable result was observed in the EDTA plus EMD group, followed by the EDTA group when applied for 4 minutes. The least favorable result is with HA after 2 minutes of application. Conclusion: EDTA plus EMD group display remarkable root surface modifications that induce fibroblast adhesion to the surface compared to other groups, as they showed a synergistic effect when applied to the same sample.