人工鱼道及其在中国河流系统中的应用:历史综合

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2019.1644977
Jinlong Liu, G. Kattel, Zhongjing Wang, Mengzhen Xu
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引用次数: 10

摘要

中国的河流受到高度管制。这些河流的生物多样性和生态系统受到限制鱼类繁殖和觅食活动的障碍的威胁。为了克服这一挑战,在全国各地修建了几条鱼道。然而,鱼道的现状却没有得到很好的调查。根据发表的文章、图书馆档案和公众采访,我们确定了鱼道的类型、位置和建造时间。然后我们评估了鱼道的性能。截至2018年,中国的鱼道总数估计为150条,其中82条在本研究中进行了分析。池型鱼道是最主要的鱼道类型,占83%。49个池型鱼道的坡度规律表明,随着提升高度的增加,坡度有减小的趋势。当坡度为1:63 ~ 1:95时,长江和珠江流域不同鱼种成功穿越鱼道的效果最好。当中国的许多水坝已经面临着采用正确鱼道的严峻挑战时,具有可变坡度调整的池型鱼道可能是在受调节的河流系统中成功实现鱼类洄游的有效选择。
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Artificial fishways and their performances in China’s regulated river systems: a historical synthesis
Abstract China‘s rivers are highly regulated. The biodiversity and ecosystems of these rivers are threatened by barriers restricting fish movements for reproduction and foraging. To overcome this challenge, several fishways are built across the country. However, the status of fishways is not well investigated. Based on published articles, library archives, and public interviews, we have identified type, location and period of fishways construction. We have then evaluated the performance of fishways. Up until 2018, the total number of fishways in China was estimated to be 150, where 82 of them have been analyzed in this study. The pool-type fishway is the most dominant fishway type, which accounts for 83%. The slope pattern of the 49 pool-type fishways shows that the slope tends to decrease with increasing lifting height. The performance of the fishways was best observed by the successful crossing of different species of fish in Yangtze and Pearl River basins when the slopes were 1:63–1:95. When many dams in China are already facing critical challenges for adopting the right type of fishways, the pool-type fishways with variable adjustments of slopes could be an effective option for successful fish migrations in regulated river systems.
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