文学语言与文学规范在伊万·弗兰科阐释中的作用

Olga Zlotnyk-Shagina
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摘要

这篇文章讨论了关于乌克兰语及其方言的发展和功能的概念。在作者《文学语言与方言》和《说狼说狼》两部作品的基础上,形成了对民族语言与文学语言问题的现代观点。历史文体学的方法可以全面分析弗兰科对关键语言学概念的看法——文学语言和文学规范,以及与之相切的方言语言、语言天赋、语言文化等。弗兰科在19世纪末语言争端中的作用被概述,特别是他的工作评估并确定了这个人物在当代语言问题中的作用,方言在语言系统中的地位,19世纪末和20世纪初语言过程的动态,乌克兰语词汇和短语发展的新趋势,乌克兰语文体资源的丰富,社会政治进程对乌克兰语的状态和质量的作用,等等。作者对弗兰科的生活和工作进行了离题,特别是与V.雅基奇,J.科拉雷斯,M.格鲁舍夫斯基的科学接触,从而可以追溯塞尔维亚和克罗地亚,波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那,黑山,斯洛文尼亚和马其顿的文学语言形成和功能问题中的相互依存关系。在科学和新闻性质的工作中,对弗朗科使用“单一乌克兰语”的考虑是一个关键问题。重要的是,弗兰科和他的同代人——斯拉夫主义者,在语言的统一性中看到了乌克兰人的精神民族特征,这一点被这位科学家的书信体遗产所证实,并有望进一步分析乌克兰语过去和现在的问题。
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Literary language and literary norm in the interpretation of Ivan Franko
The article deals with the concept of I. Franko on the development and functioning of the Ukrainian language and its dialects. On the basis of works of the author’s works "Literary language and dialects" and "Speak of the wolf – say for the wolf", modern views on the problem of national and literary language have been formed. The historical-stylistic approach allows to comprehensively analyze Franko’s views on key linguistic concepts – literary language and literary norm as well as a tangent to it – dialectal speech, linguistic flair, the culture of speech, etc. The role of I. Franko in the language disputes at the end of the 19th century is being outlined, in particular his work assesses and determines the role of the figure in the views of contemporary linguistic problems, the place of dialects in the language system, the dynamics of language processes at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th centuries, new trends in the development of lexical and phraseological fund of the Ukrainian language, the enrichment of the stylistic resource of the Ukrainian language, the role of socio-political processes on the state and quality of the Ukrainian language, etc. The author makes a digression to the life and work of I. Franko, specifically to scientific contacts with V. Jagić, J. Collares, M. Grushevsky which allowed to trace the interdependence in the problems of the formation and functioning of the literary language in Serbia and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, and Macedonia. Consideration of the "single Ukrainian language" for Franko is a key issue addressed in the works of both scientific and journalistic nature. It is important that both Franko and his contemporaries-Slavists, saw in the unity of the language a mental-national character of Ukrainians, which is confirmed by the epistolary heritage of the scientist and can be promising for further analysis of current problems of the Ukrainian language past and present.
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