"EFFECTIVE" CITIZENSHIP IN THE EU STATES: AN INSTRUMENT OF TERRITORIAL AND POLITICAL (DE)CONSTRUCTION

The article analyzes the transformation and modern conceptual problems of interpreting the essence of the institution of citizenship. The reasons and conditions for rethinking the concept of "citizenship" as the basic principle of relations between the state and a citizen from the state (national) "belonging" to "legal connection" are traced. Historical changes in the understanding of citizenship from Exclusive and Territorial Citizenship to Overlapping, Portable, Elective, Dual or Double, Multiple, and even – Strategic and Effective Citizenship. It is noted that a conceptual shift in understanding the legal relationship between a citizen and the state produces far-reaching implications for the processes of political and legal global integration, transnationalization, international migration, economic and national-territorial transformation, geopolitical (de)construction. It is shown that the modern use of the categories "Strategic" and "Effective" Citizenship "demonstrates a new instrumental approach to the institution of citizenship, especially in the states of the European Union that have introduced supranational European citizenship and agreed on the development of subnational (regional) citizenship, as evidenced by the experience of the Aland Islands Finland. and a general course towards regionalization. The transformation of the institution takes place in the context of legitimizing a new political and legal order, solving the problem of democratic “inclusion”, political participation and its legal regulation in conditions of high migration and socio-economic mobility, and the orientation of the states of the European space towards macro-regional integration against the backdrop of growing needs for demographic labor force replacement.