在卫国战争的海报和诗歌中实现历史的形式

I. N. Korzhova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章致力于理解在1941-1945年的诗歌和海报中对历史的实现的变体。培养对过去的尊重成为战前宣传的目标之一。但是,艺术比同时代人对历史的单纯了解更能揭示出时间联系的形式。本文的目的是在诗歌和海报艺术中建立对过去的类似类型的表现。根据Benveniste的“非冗余原则”,艺术的代码是相互不可翻译的,因此研究的目标包括在所研究的每一种艺术中建立实现过去的形式的细节。最简单的类型是历史与现代的空间(在海报上)或时间(在诗歌中)划分。叙事和比较技巧,每一种都以自己的方式,通过诉诸先例来谈论胜利的可能性。在海报上,多帧构图传达了这一信息。在诗歌中,作文是一个几乎不被用来表达我感兴趣的概念的层次。回顾可以在文本的任何部分引入,并由比较结构、副词和代词的语义、动词时态形式的特殊动态来支持。在其他类型中,历史呈现在现代性中。这可以通过将过去的文化标志(纪念碑或书籍)包含在当前的平面中间接发生。它们不是指向真实的事件,而是指向真实的历史观念和神话。最有效的力量是运用过去的隐喻来帮助战斗的作品。为此,海报艺术家创造了一种特殊的两层构图,在平面的色彩对立和他们在姿势和人物身份的层面上的比较。过去在光荣的将军和海军指挥官身上人格化,诗歌也重现了无名的、看似不英雄的祖先的复活和参与现代性。在这些作品中处理过去的语用学是不同的——它们唤起了对历史的责任感。过去也在不朽的人民集体的概念中得以实现。在实现这一理念的同时,诗歌也不抛弃时间的线性发展,将人们的历史轨迹描绘成巨人个体的百年生命。这张海报只关注一个点,揭示了古代战士在同时代的灵魂。带有变形阴影的海报成为体现这一理念的手段。最后,过去以英雄转世的形式出现。形式上,这样的作品没有第二个层面,但它以典故的形式出现,这些典故建立了现代英雄与历史人物的内在或外在相似性。与前一种类型一样,这一类型讲的是民族典型特征在当代人中的体现,是过去存在于现在的最可靠形式。
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Forms of actualization of the historical past on posters and in poems of the Great Patriotic War
The article is dedicated to comprehending the variants of actualization of the historical past in poetry and on posters of 1941–1945. Fostering respect for the past became one of the goals of the pre-war years’ propaganda. But art revealed stronger forms of time connection than the mere knowledge of history by contemporaries. The aim of the article is to establish similar types of representation of the past in poetry and poster art. According to Benveniste’s “principle of nonredundancy”, the codes of the arts are mutually untranslatable, so the objectives of the study include establishing the specifics of the forms of actualizing the past in each of arts under study. The simplest type is the spatial (on the poster) or temporal (in poetry) division of history and modernity. Narrative and comparative techniques, each in their own way, speak about the possibility of victory through an appeal to the precedent. On the poster, a multi-frame composition conveys this message. In poetry, composition is a level that is almost not used to express the concepts I am interested in. Retrospection can be introduced in any part of the text and is supported by comparative constructions, semantics of adverbs and pronoun, the special dynamics of verb tense forms. In other types, history is present in modernity. This can happen indirectly through the inclusion in the plane of the present cultural signs of the past: monuments or books. They do not point to real events, but to actual historical ideas and myths. The most effective force is works that implement the metaphor of the past helping in the battles. For this, poster artists created a special two-level composition with a coloristic opposition of the planes and their comparison at the level of poses’ and figures’ identity. The past personifies in the person of the glorified generals and naval commanders, and poetry also recreates the resurrection and participation in modernity of nameless, seemingly unheroic ancestors. The pragmatics of addressing the past in such works was different – they evoked a sense of responsibility to history. The past was also actualized in the concept of the immortal collective body of the people. When implementing this idea, poetry does not abandon the linear development of time, describing the historical path of the people as the centuries-old life of the giant individual. The poster, which focuses on only one point, reveals the soul of ancient warriors in contemporaries. Posters with deformed shadows become the means of embodying this idea. Finally, the past appears in the form of reincarnation of heroes. Formally such works are devoid of a second plane, but it is present in the form of allusions that establish an internal or external similarity of modern heroes with a historical person. This type, like the previous one, speaks of the embodiment of national typical features in contemporaries – the most reliable form of the presence of the past in the present.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
50.00%
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期刊介绍: Tomsk State University Journal of Philology was established with the aim of: - publishing the papers and reviews on the topical issues of modern philology: linguistics, literary studies, communication studies; - promoting the development of theoretical and practical research in the field of socio-humanitarian knowledge; - forging links among scholars from different regions of Russia and other countries. Tomsk State University Journal of Philology is an independent research journal that welcomes submissions from across the world.
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