Genetic diversity of Springtails (Collembola Subclass) Based on Cytochrome oxidase Subunit I (COI) Genes in Malang

The springtails belong to the Collembola subclass of insect class and are a mesofauna insect that acts as a detritivore and bio-indicator in the ecosystem. Genetic diversity is influenced by the total genetic variation present in genes coding for species or organisms. COI gene is a gene that is useful as a genetic marker for mitochondrial DNA. The genetic diversity of springtails based on mtDNA COI gene sequences is not widely known in Malang. Based on this, the study aims to reveal the genetic diversity of springtails in Malang. This research was conducted by three locations in Malang (Cangar, Bedengan and Tambakasri). Measurements of microclimate (humidity and air temperature) and altitude measurements were carried out at springtails sampling, then carried out DNA isolation process from springtails samples obtained, COI amplification process and sequencing were carried out. After obtaining the sequence data, genetic diversity and polymorphism analysis were carried out. Results of this study were the target genes amplified from all samples of springtails with DNA fragments along 677-683 bp. The sample of springtails had a genetic identity match with Homidia socia Denis and Homidia cingula Börner based on the BLAST analysis, results of genetic diversity analysis showed that samples tested had high genetic diversity, the composition of nucleotide bases A/T was 60,8%, genetic variation in the form of transition substitution (87 sites) and transversion (55 sites), and the results of polymorphism analysis showed the value of 0,18201 nucleotide diversity, number of segregation was 162 sites and sequences conservation was 0,744.