The testing effect, collaborative learning, and retrieval-induced facilitation in a classroom setting

Two studies were conducted to investigate aspects of the test effect in a tertiary education setting. During weekly tutorial sessions first year psychology students watched a psychobiology video (Phase 1), followed by different video-related activities (Phase 2). In the tutorial 1 week later, students took an unexpected test (Phase 3). In Phase 2 of Study 1, students completed a quiz in small groups (group quiz) or individually (individual quiz), highlighted the video transcript (re-study), or did nothing further (no-activity). Group quiz performance was superior to individual quiz in both Phase 2 and Phase 3. In Phase 3 individual quiz students performed better than no-activity students, but not better than restudy students. In exploring the individual testing effect further, Phase 2 of Study 2 included quiz (individual), restudy, and no-activity conditions. Quiz participants were presented with one (target) of two sets of questions, whereas restudy participants were presented with equivalent statements. During Phase 3, all participants answered both sets of questions (target and related). Quiz performance was superior to restudy and no-activity performance on both target and related material, supporting the retrieval-induced facilitation explanation of the testing effect. Implications of the current research for assessment practices in classroom settings are discussed, and directions for future research are indicated.