水不安全和性别暴力:全球证据综述

IF 6.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI:10.1002/wat2.1619
P. Tallman, Shalean M. Collins, G. Salmon‐Mulanovich, B. Rusyidi, Aman Kothadia, S. Cole
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引用次数: 17

摘要

我们回顾了记录水不安全与基于性别的暴力之间关系的现有文献,以:(1)描述现有研究的特征和背景,以及(2)识别和分类记录的基于性别的暴力跨水不安全领域(获取、可负担性、充足性、可靠性和安全性)。18篇同行评议的文章提到了水不安全与性别暴力之间的关联。所有研究均在撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚进行,并以英文发表。水不安全与基于性别的暴力之间关系的最常见表现是,长途跋涉取水的妇女遭受性暴力和身体暴力的风险增加。随后,由于家庭用水不足而无法履行家庭义务,引发了亲密伴侣暴力。尽管有这些趋势,水不安全领域和妇女所遭受的暴力类型往往是交织在一起的。我们的结论是,缺乏评估基于性别的暴力和水不安全的信息,特别是在拉丁美洲、北美和东南亚,并且缺乏当地学者参与的信息。我们建议扩大与水不安全有关的“暴力”范围,并建议学者和从业人员采用“基于性别的水暴力”一词来描述与水有关的极端压力源,这些压力源威胁到人类健康和福祉,特别是威胁到妇女和女孩的健康和福祉。最后,我们鼓励制定跨文化有效的性别暴力措施,这些措施可以与水不安全的标准化措施结合使用,以评估针对这些与全球健康相关的威胁的干预措施。
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Water insecurity and gender‐based violence: A global review of the evidence
We reviewed the existing literature documenting the association between water insecurity and gender‐based violence to (1) describe the characteristics and contexts of available studies, and (2) identify and classify documented gender‐based violence across domains of water insecurity (access, affordability, adequacy, reliability, and safety). 18 peer‐reviewed articles mentioned associations between water insecurity and gender‐based violence. All studies were conducted in sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia and were published in English. The most common manifestation of the relationship between water insecurity and gender‐based violence was an increased risk of sexual and physical violence for women who walked long distances to access water. This was followed by intimate partner violence sparked by the inability to meet domestic obligations due to household water inadequacy. Despite these trends, the domains of water insecurity, and the types of violence experienced by women, were often intertwined. We conclude that there is a dearth of information assessing gender‐based violence and water insecurity, especially in Latin America, North America, and Southeast Asia, and involving locally‐based scholars. We suggest that the spectrum of what is considered “violence” in relation to water insecurity be expanded and that scholars and practitioners adopt the term “gender‐based water violence” to describe water‐related stressors that are so extreme as to threaten human health and well‐being, particularly that of women and girls. Finally, we encourage the development of cross‐culturally validated measures of gender‐based violence, which can be deployed in conjunction with standardized measures of water insecurity, to evaluate interventions that target these linked threats to global health.
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来源期刊
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
16.60
自引率
3.70%
发文量
56
期刊介绍: The WIREs series is truly unique, blending the best aspects of encyclopedic reference works and review journals into a dynamic online format. These remarkable resources foster a research culture that transcends disciplinary boundaries, all while upholding the utmost scientific and presentation excellence. However, they go beyond traditional publications and are, in essence, ever-evolving databases of the latest cutting-edge reviews.
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