确认实验室使用Ames试验进行致突变性评估的能力的程序

O. Egorova
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摘要

介绍。诱导反向基因突变试验(Ames试验,OECD*指南第471号)是评估致突变性最常用的方法之一,因为它易于执行,并且能够检测到高达70-80%具有致癌活性的物质。实验方案需要最少量的测试物质和标准微生物实验室设备。为了获得原始数据,从实验开始需要几天的时间。尽管已有出版物专门对标准Ames测试方案进行了详细描述,但在确认测试中心在实践中使用该方法的能力的程序的许多方面存在差距。材料和方法。在准备本文时,我们参考了近20年来国内外发表的有关Ames检验实施的实验方法的文献资料。文献检索在Scopus、Medline、Google Scholar、RSCI数据库中进行。结果。在联邦消费者权利保护和人类福利监督局的FBES“以F.F. Erisman命名的联邦卫生科学中心”中,评估细菌反向突变的方法已应用于评估农药技术产品、其混合物和制剂形式的安全性以及等效性检查。以联邦消费者权益保护和人类福利监督局FBES“以F.F. Erisman命名的联邦卫生科学中心”为基础的测试实验室中心,通过了国家标准GOST ISO / IEC 17025-2019“测试和校准实验室能力的一般要求”的认证。“在本文中,基于新发表的数据和我们自己的实践经验,考虑了一些必要条件,以证明测试实验室在实践中使用诱导反向基因突变的测试的能力,其获得可靠结果的能力以及采取措施管理实验室活动风险的能力。”主要关注指标培养物、代谢激活系统、自发突变背景控制等检测质量参数的保证。结论。所讨论的实际问题对于计划将该方法引入实践的研究实验室的专家来说是有用的。
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To the procedure of confirmation of the laboratory’s competence in performing mutagenicity assessment using the Ames test
Introduction. The test for the induction of reverse gene mutations (Ames test, OECD* guideline No. 471) is one of the most popular methods for assessing mutagenicity due to its ease of execution and the ability to detect up to 70-80% of substances with carcinogenic activity. The experimental protocol requires a minimum amount of test substance and standard microbiological laboratory equipment. To obtain the primary data, several days from the start of the experiment are required. Despite the existence of publications devoted to the detailed description of the standard Ames test protocol, there is a gap affecting a number of aspects of the procedure for confirming the competence of a testing center using this method in its practice. Materials and methods. When preparing this article, we used the literature data published in domestic and foreign literature over the past 20 years concerning experimental approaches to the implementation of the Ames test. The literature search was carried out in the Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, RSCI databases. Results. In the FBES “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing the method for assessing the bacterial reverse mutation has found application in assessing the safety of technical products of pesticides, their mixtures and preparative forms, as well as in the examination of equivalence. Testing laboratory center on the basis of the FBES “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing is accredited for compliance with the state standard GOST ISO / IEC 17025-2019 ”General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.“ In this article, based on new published data and our own practical experience, a number of necessary conditions are considered for demonstrating the competence of a testing laboratory using the test for the induction of reverse gene mutations in its practice, its ability to obtain reliable results and take actions to manage the risks of laboratory activities. The main attention is paid to ensuring such parameters of the test quality as indicator cultures, metabolic activation system, control of the background of spontaneous mutation, etc. Conclusion. The discussed practical issues can be useful for specialists from research laboratories planning to introduce this method into practice.
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