矛茅[白茅]尼日利亚南部农业生态与季节、降雨和温度模式的关系

O. Aluko, J. Amosun, A. Adetayo, T. Dauda
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摘要

矛草对尼日利亚一些农业生态系统的作物生产构成了重大制约。因此,本研究旨在探讨季节、降雨和温度模式对矛草成分生长的影响,以期改进其管理。本研究于2014 - 2016年在衍生稀树草原(DS)的Eruwa(7˚32′0′N, 3˚25′0′E,海拔187m)和Kishi(08˚0′E)进行。98镑,003˚.94'E;海拔364米)在几内亚南部稀树草原(SGS) -尼日利亚北部边缘农业生态。从7月开始,一年中的12个月被随机分配到一片长满矛草的废弃农田,重复三次,并按照随机完全块设计进行安排。每月测量温度、降雨量和矛草样品(茎和根茎)。结果表明,两个地点的降雨量在月份之间存在差异。2014 - 2016年,衍生热带稀树草原降雨量最高的月份为9月(264.20 mm),最热的月份为2016年5月(28.5oC)(表1)。在研究的特定时间段内,岸县最湿月份降雨量为186 mm,最热月份降雨量为28.0 oC(表2)。两个地点的speargrass总干重(STDW)均随降雨量的增加而增加。同时,各组成部分(茎和根茎)的重量也存在差异。在枯水期(1 ~ 4月),各样地矛草干物质呈下降趋势。这可能反映了水分不足的影响。不放弃,根状茎:茎在两个位置变化。衍生热带稀树草原(Eruwa)在研究期间有5个月的根茎比>1.00(5/24),而南几内亚热带稀树草原(Kishi)有11个月的根茎比>1.00(11/24)。在根茎比> 1.00的月份,对矛草的防治更具挑战性,尤其是在SGS地区。衍生稀树草原的月数(19/24个月)比普通稀树草原(13/24个月)多,根茎比(< 1.00)低。这可能是由于衍生热带稀树草原多雨月份多,降雨分布较好,有利于矛草芽的生长,导致根茎:芽减少(< 1.00)。这为更好地在整个季节控制矛草中使用除草剂提供了线索。
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Speargrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel] Growth in Relation to Season, Rainfall and Temperature Patterns of Southern Agro-ecologies of Nigeria
Speargrass posed a major constraint to crop producion in some agroecologies in Nigeria.  Hence, the study was conducted to investigate the influence of seasons, rainfall and temperature patterns on speargrass components growth with the view to improve its management. This study was conducted between 2014 and 2016 at Eruwa (7˚32’0˚N, 3˚ 25’0 ˚E, 187m altitude) in Derived savanna (DS) and Kishi (08˚.98’N, 003˚.94’E; 364m altitude) in the southern Guinea savanna (SGS)–northern fringe agroecologies of Nigeria. Twelve months of the year starting from July were randomly assigned to plots in an abandoned speargrass infested farmland, replicated three times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. Monthly temperature, rainfall and speargrass samples (shoot and rhizome) were measured. Results showed that rainfall amount varied across the months in both locations. The highest rainfall was recorded in September (264.20 mm) and hottest month was May, 2016 (28.5oC) in Derived savanna between 2014 and 2016 (Table 1). Kishi had 186 mm rainfall in the wettest months and the hottest months had 28.0 oC within the specified period of the study (Table 2).  Total speargrass total dry weight (STDW) increased with rise in rainfall in both locations. Meanwhile, there were variations in the components (Shoot and rhizome) weight. However, there was decline in speargrass dry matter during the dry months (January to April) in the locations. This might have reflected the effects of moisture deficit.  Notwisthanding, Rhizome:shoot varied  at both locations. Derived savanna (Eruwa) had rhizome:shoot >1.00 in five months throughout the study (5/24), while southern Guinea savanna (Kishi) had rhizome:shoot >1.00 in eleven months (11/24). Speargrass control might be more challenging especially in SGS than DS in the months with higher Rhizome:shoot ratio > 1.00. Derived savanna had more months (19/24 months) with lower rhizome:shoot ratio (< 1.00) than SGS (13/24 months). This might have resulted from more rainy months and better distribution of rainfall in Derived savanna for speargrass shoot growth and the resultant decrease in rhizome:shoot (< 1.00). This is a clue for better translocation of herbicides for season-long speargrass control.
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