ASF -survivors’ Sera Do Not Inhibit African Swine Fever Virus Replication in Vitro

Abstract Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes one of the most dangerous diseases of pigs and wild boar – African swine fever (ASF). Since its second introduction into Europe (in 2007), the disease has been spreading consistently, and now ASF-free European countries are at risk. Complex interactions between the host’s immune system and the virus have long prevented the development of a safe vaccine against ASF. This study analysed the possibility of neutralisation of the ASFV in vitro by sera collected from ASF-survivor animals. Material and Methods Two pig and three wild boar serum samples were collected from previously selected potential ASF survivors. All sera presented high antibody titres (>5 log10/mL). Primary alveolar macrophages were cultured in growth medium containing 10% and 20% concentrations of selected sera and infected with a haemadsorbing ASFV strain (Pol18_28298_O111, genotype II). The progress of infection was investigated under a light microscope by observing the cytopathic effect (CPE) and the haemadsorption phenomenon. Growth kinetics were investigated using a real-time PCR assay. Results Haemadsorption inhibition was detected in the presence of almost all selected sera; however, the inhibition of virus replication in vitro was excluded. In all samples, a CPE and decreasing quantification cycle values of the viral DNA were found. Conclusion Anti-ASFV antibodies alone are not able to inhibit virus replication. Interactions between the humoral and cellular immune response which effectively combat the disease are implicated in an ASF-survivor’s organism.