Development and characterization of an integrated on-capillary tubular electrode for capillary electrophoresis/electrochemistry

An integrated on-capillary electrochemical detector for capillary electrophoresis is described. It consists of a gold tube permanently fixed onto the end of a capillary. This detector configuration eliminates the need for micromanipulators for electrode alignment. The large surface area of the gold tubular electrode results in better sensitivity for PAD detection than is attainable with a gold wire electrode. Application of this detector to the determination of glucose in serum by CE–PAD is described.