Dnistrovskiy河口夏季浮游植物种群的多年研究(2003-2018)

Н. В. Дерезюк, N. V. Dereziuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。德尼斯特洛夫斯基河口每年夏季浮游植物种类组成、生物多样性和数量变量的多年资料比较特别注意的是开发有潜在危险(有毒)的物种,这些物种会使水质恶化并威胁到水生生物的生存。方法。浮游植物研究中使用的数据是从Dnistrovskiy河口的22个站点(456个样本)收集的。采用标准方法对浮游植物进行取样和分析。采用Nageotta / Sedgewick相机(0、05和1 ml)计数细胞数。样品用福尔马林保存。使用HUND-H600和OLIMPUS-BH2显微镜进行样品分析。根据国际数据库标准对微藻和蓝藻进行分类。结果。16年间登记的物种总数超过445种(13个分类群),其中一般分类为潜在有害物种54种(Dolichospermum属、Aphanizomenon属、Microcystis属、Cyclotella属、pseudonitzschia属、Peridinium属、proorocentrum属等)。4个主要分类群内物种数量最低记录为2004年和2016年。绿藻门(75种)在2012年最多,硅藻门(53种)、藻门(19种)和蓝藻门(33种)在2014年最多。河口北部和中部物种多样性最高(Shannon指数为4.6 ~ 4.4 bit∙cells-1),是各种植物区系混合的区域。多年来,北部和河口中部浮游植物的种类数量和α-多样性呈增加趋势。16 a期间微藻生物量最大值变化范围为2.5 g·m-3(2010年)~ 231.2 g·m-3(2018年)。藻华以硅藻门和蓝藻门为主。结论。在主要浮游植物分类群中,物种数量和Shannon指数的逐渐变化具有一定的12年周期性。近年来,微藻和蓝藻的总生物量呈增加趋势,其后果是水质恶化,在这些地区(按照国家标准)已降至“污染”或“极度污染”。
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Multi-year study of phytoplankton population in the Dnistrovskiy estuary in summer (2003-2018)
Purpose. Comparison of multi-year data on species composition, biodiversity and quantitative variables of phytoplankton that developed in the Dnistrovskiy Estuary every summer. Particular attention was focused on the development of potentially dangerous (toxic) species, which can deteriorate quality of water and threaten hydrobionts’ existence. Methods. The data used in the phytoplankton study have been collected from 22 stations in the Dnistrovskiy Estuary (456 samples). Phytoplankton sampling and analyses were carried out using standard methodologies. Nageotta и Sedgewick cameras (0,05 and 1 ml) were applied to count cell number. The samples were preserved using formalin. HUND-H600 and OLIMPUS-BH2 microscopes were used for sample analyses. Classification of microalgae and Cyanobacteria was done according to the standards of the international database. Results. The total number of species registered during 16 years exceeded 445 (13 taxa) out of which 54 are generally classified as potentially harmful species (genera Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Microcystis, Cyclotella, Pseudo-nitzschia, Peridinium, Prorocentrum etc.). Minimum record of species number within 4 main taxa was in 2004 and 2016. Maximum number of species of Chlorophyta (75) was observed in 2012, and maximum of Bacillariophyta (53), Dinophyta (19) and Cyanobacteria (33) was in 2014. Northern and middle part of the estuary had the highest species diversity (Shannon index = 4.6 – 4.4 bit∙cells-1) i.e. the areas where flora of various geneses mixed. Over the years, number of species and α-diversity of phytoplankton tend to increase in the north and in the centre of the estuary. The range of changes of maximum values of microalgae biomass during 16-year period was from 2.5 g·m–3 (2010) to 231.2 g·m–3 (2018). Algal blooms were recorded with Bacillariophyceae and Cyanobacteria as dominants. Conclusions. There is a certain 12-year periodicity in gradual changes in the number of species and Shannon index within the main phytoplankton taxa. Recent years’ trends toward increase in the total biomass of microalgae and Cyanobacteria have been traced as well, the consequence of such an increase being deterioration of water quality which has downgraded to "polluted" or "extremely polluted" in those regions (as per national standards).
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