从后南斯拉夫时期塞尔维亚电影的艺术实践看“温顺的身体”

Vasilija Antonijević
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摘要

制度纪律的对象:作为塑造的首要目标的温顺的身体,是米歇尔·福柯根据权力中心在某一历史时刻的地位来定义的。在前南斯拉夫各国的合作下实现的后南斯拉夫艺术电影摄影实践,为分析在具有操纵潜力的挑战性时期的权力机制提供了空间。以军国主义及其结构为例,利用福柯对纪律和惩罚的研究,可以推断出一个服从于灌输体系的温顺的身体,并分析控制执行的因果关系。从历史和过时的惩罚制度,在战争时期流行的公开体罚-正如电影Krugovi(圈子)(2013年,Srdan goluboviki)所描述的那样,以及由于限制的表现而产生的后果,通过压制性信息/指令传递者的系统存在和不可避免的制度作为疏远的权力中心的堡垒-正如电影ni ije dete (Nobody’s Child)(2014年,Vuk Ršumović)所描述的那样。通过描述一个不受控制的个体融入一个确定的下属系统的过程,到军事单位内的等级动态和按照自己的意志行事的过程——就像电影《卡拉拉(边境哨所)》(2006年,拉杰尔科特大蒜)——从军事动员的角度来看,温顺的身体提供了一个洞察纪律/控制是如何起作用的,它带来了什么后果,以及它如何影响社会的所有成员,坚持其停滞不前。
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Docile body from the aspect of post-Yugoslav artistic praxis in Serbian film
The object of institutional discipline: docile body as a primary goal of shaping, is defined by Michel Foucault in relation to the position of the centre of power at a certain historical moment. Post-Yugoslav artistic cinematography praxis, realised in collaboration of the countries of former Yugoslavia, provides a space for analysing of the mechanisms of power in the period of challenging potential for manipulation. On the example of militarism and its structures, it is possible to extrapolate a docile body subordinate to the indoctrination system by using Foucault's study of discipline and punishment, and to analyse the causality of control enforcement. From the historical and outdated punishment systems, public delivery of physical punishments popularised at war times - as depicted in the film Krugovi (Circles) (2013, Srdan Golubović) as well as the consequences rising from manifestations of restrictions, through systemic presence of repressive messages/instruction bearers and unavoidability of the institution as a bastion of alienated centre of power - as depicted in the film Ničije dete (Nobody's Child) (2014, Vuk Ršumović), through description of the process of assimilation of a non-controlled individual into a defined system of subordinates, to the hierarchic dynamics within military units and acting out of one's own volition - as in the film Karaula (The Border Post) (2006, Rajkot Garlic) - the docile body, in terms of military mobilisation, provides an insight into how discipline/control functions, what consequences it raises and how it influences all members of the society, insisting on its stagnation.
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