尤利西斯·格兰特总统任期内的腐败丑闻

Tatiana Alent'yeva
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摘要

在这篇文章中,作者在研究尤利西斯·格兰特(Ulysses Grant, 1868-1877)总统任期内美国上层权力阶层的腐败状况的同时,重点研究了打击腐败的方法。这是一个很及时的话题,尤其是考虑到目前全球范围内的反腐败实践。尤利西斯·格兰特(Ulysses Grant)担任总统期间的反腐败斗争,还没有被俄罗斯的美国研究专家研究过。在美国史学中,对于这一现象以及尤利西斯·格兰特本人的性格,仍然存在着相互矛盾的评价。总统卷入腐败计划的问题在很大程度上仍未解决。本文的目的是分析尤利西斯·格兰特总统任期内的腐败丑闻和反腐败斗争。源库包括第18任总统的文件和论文,国会记录,同时代人的回忆录和期刊。这项研究表明,由于尤利西斯·格兰特总统过于依赖他的亲戚和战友,但他采取了必要的措施来处理腐败丑闻:解雇不称职的官员,用像布里斯托这样诚实、有能力的行政人员取而代之,起诉和惩罚罪犯。腐败的规模很大程度上归因于内战后混乱的经济状态。国会的调查和期刊媒体的揭露对打击腐败有很大的影响。
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Corruption Scandals During the Presidency of Ulysses Grant
In this article, while examining the state of corruption in the upper echelons of power in the United States during the presidency of Ulysses Grant (1868–1877), the author focuses on methods of combating it. The topic is a timely one, not least due to the current practice of fighting corruption on a global scale. The struggle against corruption during the presidency of Ulysses Grant has not yet been studied by Russian specialists in American Studies. In American historiography, there are still conflicting assessments of this phenomenon, as well as of the personality of Ulysses Grant himself. The problem of the President's involvement in corruption schemes is still largely unresolved. The purpose of this article is to analyse corruption scandals and the struggle against corruption during Ulysses Grant's presidency. The source base includes documents and papers of the 18th President, congressional records, memoirs of contemporaries and periodicals. The study shows that as President Ulysses Grant relied too much on his relatives and his comrades-in-arms, yet took the necessary steps to deal with corruption scandals: dismissing unworthy officials and replacing them with honest and capable administrators such as Bristow, prosecuting and punishing the culprits. The scale of corruption was largely attributable to the chaotic state of the economy after the Civil War. Congressional investigations and revelations in the periodical press had a powerful effect in combating corruption.
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