心肌梗死患者家庭照顾者的压力与应对——描述性横断面研究

Isha M Aboobacker
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Methods: A descriptive correlational research design with purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from family caregivers. The study was conducted among100 family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction for a period of one month. Data was collected by using standardized tools, Appraisal of caregiving scale and Ways of coping scales. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Two third of the subjects (62) had severe stress and minority (38) had moderate stress on “threat subscale”. Majority of the subjects (90) experienced severe stress on “benign subscale”. More than half of subjects (59) had moderate stress on “benefit subscale”. The coping scores showed that majority of subjects had poor coping in “distancing”(76), “self controlling”(81),” “accept responsibility”(98) and “escape Avoidance” (77) subscales, whereas least number of subjects had good coping on “distancing” (7), “seek social support” (7) and “planful problem solving” (10) subscales. A negative correlation exist between the subscales of stress and coping. The “threat subscale” of stress was significantly and negatively correlated with “distancing”(r =-0.335), “self controlling” (r = -0.352), “seek social support” (r =-0.415), “accept responsibility” (r= -0.254), “escape avoidance” (r = -0.298), “planful problem solving” (r =-0.348), and “positive reappraisal” (r =-0.393) subscales of coping. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:通过一项描述性研究,评估在选定医院的心肌梗死患者的家庭照顾者的压力和应对水平。背景:心肌梗死的自我护理管理复杂且要求高。因此,许多心脏病患者依靠家庭成员提供护理,如给药、症状监测和管理、膳食准备、洗澡和交通。家庭照顾者经历不同程度的压力,可能会寻求不同的策略来应对压力。压力对照顾者所经历的应对水平的影响将有助于评估和规划有效的方案,以满足他们的需求并教他们适应应对机制。方法:采用描述性相关研究设计和目的性抽样技术,对家庭照顾者进行数据收集。这项研究是在100名心肌梗死患者的家庭照顾者中进行的,为期一个月。采用标准化工具、护理评估量表和应对方式量表收集数据。数据分析采用描述性和推断性统计。结果:三分之二的被试(62人)在“威胁分量表”上表现为严重压力,少数(38人)表现为中度压力。大多数受试者(90名)在“良性分量表”上经历了严重的压力。超过一半的受试者(59人)在“利益分量表”上有中等压力。应对得分显示,大多数被试在“疏离”(76分)、“自我控制”(81分)、“承担责任”(98分)和“逃避回避”(77分)分量表上的应对得分较差,而在“疏离”(7分)、“寻求社会支持”(7分)和“计划解决问题”(10分)分量表上的应对得分较好。应激各分量表与应对存在负相关。压力“威胁分量表”与应对“疏远”分量表(r= -0.335)、“自我控制”分量表(r= -0.352)、“寻求社会支持”分量表(r= -0.415)、“承担责任”分量表(r= -0.254)、“逃避回避”分量表(r= -0.298)、“有计划解决问题”分量表(r= -0.348)、“积极重评”分量表(r= -0.393)呈显著负相关。压力的“良性分量表”与应对的“疏远”分量表(r = -0.234)、“自我控制”分量表(r = 0.245)、“寻求社会支持”分量表(r =-0.272)、“承担责任”分量表(r =-0.272)、“逃避回避”分量表(r = -0.342)、“计划解决问题”分量表(r = -0.221)、“积极重评”分量表(r = -0.331)呈显著的低负相关。压力的“利益分量表”与应对的“疏远”分量表(r= -0.335)、“自我控制”分量表(r= -0.323)、“接受责任”分量表(r= -0.253)存在显著的相关。结论:本研究结果显示,心肌梗死患者的家庭照顾者在应激亚量表上存在重度至中度应激。照顾者使用各种模仿策略来应对照顾的压力。心梗患者家庭照顾者的应激水平与应对水平呈显著负相关。
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Stress and Coping among family caregivers of patients with Myocardial Infarction- Descriptive cross sectional study
Aim: A descriptive study was conducted to assess the level of stress and coping among family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction in selected hospitals. Background: Self-care management of myocardial infarction is complex and demanding. Therefore, many patients with heart diseases rely on family members to provide care, such as medication administration, symptom monitoring and management, meal preparation, bathing, and transportation. Family caregivers experience various levels of stress and may seek different strategies to cope with the stress. Influence of stress on the level of coping experienced by the caregivers would help to evaluate and plan effective programmes that address their needs and teach them adaptive mechanism of coping. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design with purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from family caregivers. The study was conducted among100 family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction for a period of one month. Data was collected by using standardized tools, Appraisal of caregiving scale and Ways of coping scales. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Two third of the subjects (62) had severe stress and minority (38) had moderate stress on “threat subscale”. Majority of the subjects (90) experienced severe stress on “benign subscale”. More than half of subjects (59) had moderate stress on “benefit subscale”. The coping scores showed that majority of subjects had poor coping in “distancing”(76), “self controlling”(81),” “accept responsibility”(98) and “escape Avoidance” (77) subscales, whereas least number of subjects had good coping on “distancing” (7), “seek social support” (7) and “planful problem solving” (10) subscales. A negative correlation exist between the subscales of stress and coping. The “threat subscale” of stress was significantly and negatively correlated with “distancing”(r =-0.335), “self controlling” (r = -0.352), “seek social support” (r =-0.415), “accept responsibility” (r= -0.254), “escape avoidance” (r = -0.298), “planful problem solving” (r =-0.348), and “positive reappraisal” (r =-0.393) subscales of coping. The “benign subscale” of stress was significantly and low negatively correlated with “distancing” (r = -0.234), “self controlling” ( r = 0.245), “seek social support” (r =-0.272), “accept responsibility” (r = -0.272), “escape avoidance” (r = -0.342), “planful problem solving” (r = -0.221) and “positive reappraisal” (r = -0.331) subscales of coping. The “benefit subscale” of stress was Correlated with “distancing” (r = -0.335), “self controlling” (r= -0.323), and “accept responsibility” (r = -0.253) subscales of coping. Conclusion: Findings of the study showed that, family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction had severe to moderate stress on subscale of stress. Caregiver uses various copying strategies in order to cope up with the stresses of caregiving. A significant negative correlation exists between level of stress and coping among family caregivers of patients with myocardial infarction.
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