Depletion Calculations For An Integral Small Molten Salt Reactor With Serpent

The molten salt reactor (MSR) concept is among the Generation IV designs considered feasible for providing clean, safe, sustainable, and economical energy supplies to the world's population. The depletion of fuel for a small modular fluoride molten salt reactor (sm-FMSR) with a closed fuel cycle based on the integral molten salt reactor (IMSR) concept has been investigated using Serpent. Three fueling schemes to control Serpent depletion cycles have been simulated and compared: step fueling (SF), continuous fueling with all fission products (FPs) accumulating in the reactor system (CFA), and continuous fueling with insoluble FPs separated from fuel (CFS). Sm-FMSRs with SF and with CFA require similar quantities of "top-up" fuel, consume similar fuel (fissile) amounts, and result in similar fuel isotopic concentrations if keff is kept within a similar range. However, with separation of insoluble FPs from the circulating fuel, CFS gains a large reactivity worth due to the removal of FP poisons. This allows for reduction of fuel enrichment in both initial and total top-up fuel, and leads to savings of a considerable fissile quantity in fueling MSR and in spent fuel. The Serpent depletion calculations require manual arithmetic calculations for adjustment of the Serpent built-in settings before the start of every calculation cycle for all three fueling schemes. Implementation of additional Serpent flow features in changing material volumes and flow constants would facilitate the simulation of the fuel depletion process and allow for more realistic simulations of fuel circulation.