对协作的认知:以用户为中心的方法和信息行为理论/模型

Informing Science Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI:10.28945/3615
A. Aydın
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引用次数: 7

摘要

摘要目的/目的本文的目的是回顾以用户为中心的信息科学的大量文献,并介绍信息行为科学的新兴主题。从以系统为中心到以用户为中心的范式转变促进了认知和个体信息处理的研究。各种信息行为理论/模型应运而生。方法介绍了最新的信息行为理论和模型。通过对信息行为文献的分析,讨论了模型的特点、优缺点。本文揭示了早期信息行为模型的弱点,并强调(并提倡)对社会信息行为进行研究的必要性。突出的信息行为模型处理个体信息行为。人们生活在一个社会的世界里,并在群体中解决他们大部分的日常或工作问题。然而,只有七篇论文讨论了社会信息行为(Scopus检索)。应重新设计用于组织间信息通信技术共享的工具,以便从业者在灾害/紧急情况下有效地共享信息。研究人员信息行为的社会方面的资源很少,然而,大多数工作任务是在小组/团队中进行的。对社会的影响在灾害管理和卫生保健等动态工作环境中,协作信息共享可能会减少损失。未来研究将在灾害管理背景下进行实地调查,调查组织间信息共享。以用户为中心的信息处理、信息行为、协同信息行为简介以用户为中心的研究关注的是信息用户的行为。这项研究在70年代后半期和80年代初开始流行起来。Dervin和Nilan(1986)的开创性论文讨论了信息科学的范式变化。他们详细阐述了该领域的三个创新,这些创新基于Taylor(1968)的用户价值方法,Derv in(1983)的意义生成方法和Belkin, Oddy和Brooks(1982)的异常知识状态(ASK)方法(见附录A和B)。这三个模型侧重于信息需求和使用的认知方面。每个模型都认为人类是处理信息的参与者。泰勒的用户价值方法阐明了信息系统是为了满足用户的需求而构建的。整个算法、系统和过程都是为了满足用户的信息需求而设计的。因此,这种方法激活了信息产品和服务的用户友好设计。德文的“意义制造法”阐明了人们寻求信息是为了在上下文和期望的情况之间构建意义。通过使用所寻找的信息来构建桥梁。在知识异常状态(ASK)情况下,用户寻找和检索信息以实现他/她的需求。在此期间,文本或任何其他信息来源都会根据用户的信念、意图和知识进行认知转换。通过这样做,可以根据用户的需要重新构造信息。为了使以用户为中心的研究更加清晰,我们在以下章节中详细阐述了信息行为、信息寻求行为模型、信息共享行为和协作信息行为。…
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Cognition to Collaboration: User-Centric Approach and Information Behaviour Theories/Models
ABSTRACT Aim/Purpose The objective of this paper is to review the vast literature of user-centric information science and inform about the emerging themes in information behaviour science. Background The paradigmatic shift from system-centric to user-centric approach facilitates research on the cognitive and individual information processing. Various information behaviour theories/models emerged. Methodology Recent information behaviour theories and models are presented. Features, strengths and weaknesses of the models are discussed through the analysis of the information behaviour literature. Contribution This paper sheds light onto the weaknesses in earlier information behaviour models and stresses (and advocates) the need for research on social information behaviour. Findings Prominent information behaviour models deal with individual information behaviour. People live in a social world and sort out most of their daily or work problems in groups. However, only seven papers discuss social information behaviour (Scopus search). Recommendations ICT tools used for inter-organisational sharing for should be redesigned for effective Practitioners information-sharing during disaster/emergency times. Recommendation There are scarce sources on social side of the for Researchers information behaviour, however,most of the work tasks are carried out in groups/teams. Impact on Society In dynamic work contexts like disaster management and health care settings, collaborative information-sharing may result in decreasing the losses. Future Research A fieldwork will be conducted in disaster management context investigating the inter-organisational information-sharing. Keywords user-centric information processing, information behaviour, collaborative information behaviour INTRODUCTION User-centric studies focus on the behaviour of the information users. This research became popular by the second half of the 70's and the beginning of the 80's. The seminal paper of the Dervin and Nilan (1986) discussed the paradigmatic change in information science. They elaborated on three innovations in the field, those are based on the User-Value Approach of Taylor (1968), Sense-Making Approach of Derv in (1983), and Anomalous-State of Knowledge (ASK) Approach of Belkin, Oddy, and Brooks (1982) (see Appendix A and B). These three models focus on the cognitive side of the information needs and uses. Each of the models conceives that the human beings are the actors while processing information. The User-Value Approach of Taylor articulates that information systems are constructed to satisfy the users' needs. Whole algorithms, systems and processes are designed to fulfil the information needs of the users. Therefore, this approach activated the user friendly design of information products and services. The Sense-Making Approach of Dervin articulates that people seek information to construct a meaning between a context and a desired situation. The bridge is constructed via using the information sought. In the Anomalous-State of Knowledge (ASK) situation, the user seeks and retrieves information to realise his/her needs. During this period texts or any other information sources are cognitively transformed according to the user's belief, intent, and knowledge. By doing so, information is restructured regarding the user's needs. To make the case clear for user-centric studies, we elaborate information behaviour, information-seeking behaviour models, information-sharing behaviour, and collaborative information behaviour in the following sections. …
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来源期刊
Informing Science
Informing Science Social Sciences-Library and Information Sciences
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: The academically peer refereed journal Informing Science endeavors to provide an understanding of the complexities in informing clientele. Fields from information systems, library science, journalism in all its forms to education all contribute to this science. These fields, which developed independently and have been researched in separate disciplines, are evolving to form a new transdiscipline, Informing Science.
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