The bulk modulus of β-type Titanium Alloys for Hip and Bone Replacement

Although aluminum (Al) and vanadium (V) have been shown to be cytotoxic, titanium and its Ti-6AI4V alloy have been utilised extensively as implant materials for many years. This is due to new titanium alloys consisting of non-cytotoxic substances like molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), zirconium (Zr), or tin (Sn) have advanced when treated as a cubic β-phase alloy, which has led to the investigation of Al and V free titanium alloys. When configured as a cubic β-phase alloy, they exhibit abnormal corrosion resistance as well as decreased elasticity moduli that are comparable to the substance of the bone they are repairing. This work uses synchrotron x-ray diffraction to calculate the unit cell volume of beta-phase gum metal (Ti–23Nb–0.7 Ta–2Zr–1.2O-TNTZ-O system) at pressures 50, 45, 24, and 40 GPa respectively. The Murnaghan, Viet and Birch-Murnaghan equation of state has been applied using the bulk modulus measurement it was about 88.7GP . Additionally, applying the same technique, the bulk moduli of Ti-7.5Mo-1O, Ti-7.2Mo, and Ti2448 have been determined to be 116.1, 50.2, and 116.2 GPa, respectively. The Ti-7.2Mo system has a below-average bulk modulus when compared to all other alloys. For biomedical applications like hip and human bone replacement, which will be the subject of the study, it would be most appropriate to change the (Ti-xMo-xNb-xTa) alloy and investigate its mechanical properties.