Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v29i2.1592
Mariwan Hamah Saeed
A total of forty-four groundwater samples were collected from several groundwater wells located at diverse depths and locations throughout the Kre-Bardarash basin in the Duhok governorate. The sample program began in May 2023 and includes the examination of several heavy elements, including but not limited to (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Va, Ni, Zn, Bo, Cr, Co, Li, Mn, Se, and Ag)The essential goals of this research are to find that the samples have concentrations within the acceptable limits as prescribed in Iraqi drinking water standards. The average Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) concentration is 955, which is considerably less than the crucial index value of 100. The percentage of groundwater samples that exceeds the 100-index value is 5%, indicating that the water is completely unsuitable unfit for drinking, while 90 percent are rang from excellent to very poor quality according to HPI. The MI concentration was 0.16 with 88.6 % percent of groundwater samples were found to be very pure water class. The results show that the groundwater in the Akre-Bardarash basin of wells 1,2, and 3 is highly polluted in the northeast part, and wells 22 and 30 are also highly polluted in the south-east part. All of the wells mentioned above are unfit for human consumption. The impact of human activity and industrial activity on the study area has played an important role in the pollution of groundwater quality in the northeast and southwestern parts of the Akre-Bardarash Basin. According to the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that the water can be used safely for drinking without any negative effect on human health, except wells 1,2, and 3 in the northeast part and wells 22 and 30 in the southwest part.
{"title":"Using Heavy Metals Pollution Index (HPI) and Metal Index (MI) for Assessing quality of drinking water in Bardarash-Akre basin in Duhok governorate northern Iraq","authors":"Mariwan Hamah Saeed","doi":"10.25130/tjps.v29i2.1592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v29i2.1592","url":null,"abstract":"A total of forty-four groundwater samples were collected from several groundwater wells located at diverse depths and locations throughout the Kre-Bardarash basin in the Duhok governorate. The sample program began in May 2023 and includes the examination of several heavy elements, including but not limited to (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Va, Ni, Zn, Bo, Cr, Co, Li, Mn, Se, and Ag)The essential goals of this research are to find that the samples have concentrations within the acceptable limits as prescribed in Iraqi drinking water standards. The average Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) concentration is 955, which is considerably less than the crucial index value of 100. The percentage of groundwater samples that exceeds the 100-index value is 5%, indicating that the water is completely unsuitable unfit for drinking, while 90 percent are rang from excellent to very poor quality according to HPI. The MI concentration was 0.16 with 88.6 % percent of groundwater samples were found to be very pure water class. The results show that the groundwater in the Akre-Bardarash basin of wells 1,2, and 3 is highly polluted in the northeast part, and wells 22 and 30 are also highly polluted in the south-east part. All of the wells mentioned above are unfit for human consumption. The impact of human activity and industrial activity on the study area has played an important role in the pollution of groundwater quality in the northeast and southwestern parts of the Akre-Bardarash Basin. According to the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that the water can be used safely for drinking without any negative effect on human health, except wells 1,2, and 3 in the northeast part and wells 22 and 30 in the southwest part.","PeriodicalId":23142,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Pure Science","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1391
Maha Shaher Badowi, S. Saleh, Mohammad Rashid Abood
The Iraqi government planned to complete the building of partially constructed Badush dam to protect against the collapse of Mosul Dam on Tigris River northwest of Mosul. The study aimed to derive the geometric parameters that compatible with the levels ranged 226.5-312 m (a.s.l.) such as reservoir volume, reservoir area, reservoir submerged area, perimeter, and average depth of the water column, which values ranges are 68039-12354976139 m3, 130074-407943574 m2, 130078-410538707 m2, 2.32-594.27 km, and 0.52-30.29 m respectively. These parameters were analyzed against the raising of the level, the spatial analysis of the geometric criteria and its relations with the levels of Badush reservoir showed that the relations between the volume of the positive bodies (islands), the undulated areas above water level which indicate the islands, and the planer areas (projections) of the islands with the level, fluctuates between increase and decrease with an increase in the level, as for the volume of reservoir, the submerged undulated area, the exposed planer area of the water pond, and the average water column depth they increased with the level increasing, unlike the thickness of the islands with the level, which fluctuates in increase and decrease with the level, the geometric analysis of the reservoir showed that Badush Dam is able to absorb the flood wave resulting from the collapse of Mosul Dam, at a level much lower than the level suggested in the preliminary studies that were adopted in the designs, because a large part of the water of Mosul Dam reservoir will remain in the same reservoir when the level is balanced after the collapse. between the two reservoirs, and that the results of this analysis represent a database that will be used in subsequent modifications in the designs.
{"title":"Spatial Analysis for Geometric Parameters of Badush dam Reservoir, Mosul, Northern Iraq","authors":"Maha Shaher Badowi, S. Saleh, Mohammad Rashid Abood","doi":"10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1391","url":null,"abstract":"The Iraqi government planned to complete the building of partially constructed Badush dam to protect against the collapse of Mosul Dam on Tigris River northwest of Mosul. The study aimed to derive the geometric parameters that compatible with the levels ranged 226.5-312 m (a.s.l.) such as reservoir volume, reservoir area, reservoir submerged area, perimeter, and average depth of the water column, which values ranges are 68039-12354976139 m3, 130074-407943574 m2, 130078-410538707 m2, 2.32-594.27 km, and 0.52-30.29 m respectively. These parameters were analyzed against the raising of the level, the spatial analysis of the geometric criteria and its relations with the levels of Badush reservoir showed that the relations between the volume of the positive bodies (islands), the undulated areas above water level which indicate the islands, and the planer areas (projections) of the islands with the level, fluctuates between increase and decrease with an increase in the level, as for the volume of reservoir, the submerged undulated area, the exposed planer area of the water pond, and the average water column depth they increased with the level increasing, unlike the thickness of the islands with the level, which fluctuates in increase and decrease with the level, the geometric analysis of the reservoir showed that Badush Dam is able to absorb the flood wave resulting from the collapse of Mosul Dam, at a level much lower than the level suggested in the preliminary studies that were adopted in the designs, because a large part of the water of Mosul Dam reservoir will remain in the same reservoir when the level is balanced after the collapse. between the two reservoirs, and that the results of this analysis represent a database that will be used in subsequent modifications in the designs.","PeriodicalId":23142,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Pure Science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1379
Abdulkareem A. Hussain, Qahtan N. Abdullah
In this work, thermal evaporation in vacuum technique was used to prepare the ZnO thin films as pure and doped with SnO2 NPs on glass substrates. The XRD pattern showed the hexagonal structure of ZnO with (002) preferred orientation. The EDX technique was used to investigate the contents of the film elements prepared which consisted of Zn, Sn and O. The concentration of Zn, O and Sn in the nanostructure films was different for all doping ratios. Thickness and morphology surface of the films were calculated from cross section of the surface films (~144 nm) using scanning electron microscopy images. The FE-SEM images confirmed the ZnO nanostructures and modifications of the morphology when adding SnO2. The pure film deposited was dense and structured; while ZnO: SnO2 (1,5 % wt) was a nanostructure. The optical band gap and Transmittance increased with the increase in the doping ratio of SnO2, while the absorption spectrum decreased for the prepared thin films. The prepared films showed different responses to the gas sensing at two different operating temperatures (100, 200 ºC) and the doping ratio increased the sensor value of the gas at an optimum temperature of (200 ºC).
{"title":"Studying the Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnO: SnO2 Thin Films as an Application of a Gas Sensor Using Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Technique","authors":"Abdulkareem A. Hussain, Qahtan N. Abdullah","doi":"10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1379","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, thermal evaporation in vacuum technique was used to prepare the ZnO thin films as pure and doped with SnO2 NPs on glass substrates. The XRD pattern showed the hexagonal structure of ZnO with (002) preferred orientation. The EDX technique was used to investigate the contents of the film elements prepared which consisted of Zn, Sn and O. The concentration of Zn, O and Sn in the nanostructure films was different for all doping ratios. Thickness and morphology surface of the films were calculated from cross section of the surface films (~144 nm) using scanning electron microscopy images. The FE-SEM images confirmed the ZnO nanostructures and modifications of the morphology when adding SnO2. The pure film deposited was dense and structured; while ZnO: SnO2 (1,5 % wt) was a nanostructure. The optical band gap and Transmittance increased with the increase in the doping ratio of SnO2, while the absorption spectrum decreased for the prepared thin films. The prepared films showed different responses to the gas sensing at two different operating temperatures (100, 200 ºC) and the doping ratio increased the sensor value of the gas at an optimum temperature of (200 ºC).","PeriodicalId":23142,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Pure Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1363
A. I. Abood, S. A. Salih, Ahmed Nadem
The study area is located on the Dibdibba plateau in the middle of Iraq, particularly between the governorates of Karbala and Najaf. Given that the Dibdibba hydrogeological aquifer is thought to be the main source of water in this region, this site is chosen for performing the hydrogeological assessment. The study included 60 wells located on the west of the study area in Najaf Governorate. In these wells, the groundwater depths were measured in the field at the beginning of December 2021. The water stream was between 7.8 and 37.7 meters above the sea level, while the well depths ranged from 2.83 to 34 meters. Then, the spatial distribution of depths and water streams was mapped. Many wells were left by farmers because the water stream had gone down and the depth of the water had increased. The flow net of groundwater was determined to have two directions. The first direction was from the west to the east, and the second one was from the west and northwest to the southeast. The hydraulic properties of the Dibdibba aquifer in this study area were extracted by pumping tests. The experiments were carried out for five wells distributed over the area. The data was replaced with input into software for pumping tests, then analyzed by Newman's and Jacob's corrected methods for unconfined aquifers. Transmissivity values in experiments (T) ranged between 348 and 596 square meters/day, while hydraulic conductivity ranged between 14.1-22.5 m/day. The specific yield (Sy) equivalent to the storage coefficient in a confined aquifer was between 0.006 and 0.0302. The results of pumping test showed that the aquifer was of unconfined type according to the Neuman's and Jacob's corrected curves. In addition, the hydraulic property values were similar in all experiments with a slight difference, which may be related to the differences in saturated thickness, total depths, hydraulic gradient, and properties of rocks and sediments.
{"title":"The Hydrogeological Condition of Dibdibba aquifer between Karbala and Najaf in the middle of Iraq","authors":"A. I. Abood, S. A. Salih, Ahmed Nadem","doi":"10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1363","url":null,"abstract":"The study area is located on the Dibdibba plateau in the middle of Iraq, particularly between the governorates of Karbala and Najaf. Given that the Dibdibba hydrogeological aquifer is thought to be the main source of water in this region, this site is chosen for performing the hydrogeological assessment. The study included 60 wells located on the west of the study area in Najaf Governorate. In these wells, the groundwater depths were measured in the field at the beginning of December 2021. The water stream was between 7.8 and 37.7 meters above the sea level, while the well depths ranged from 2.83 to 34 meters. Then, the spatial distribution of depths and water streams was mapped. Many wells were left by farmers because the water stream had gone down and the depth of the water had increased. The flow net of groundwater was determined to have two directions. The first direction was from the west to the east, and the second one was from the west and northwest to the southeast. The hydraulic properties of the Dibdibba aquifer in this study area were extracted by pumping tests. The experiments were carried out for five wells distributed over the area. The data was replaced with input into software for pumping tests, then analyzed by Newman's and Jacob's corrected methods for unconfined aquifers. Transmissivity values in experiments (T) ranged between 348 and 596 square meters/day, while hydraulic conductivity ranged between 14.1-22.5 m/day. The specific yield (Sy) equivalent to the storage coefficient in a confined aquifer was between 0.006 and 0.0302. The results of pumping test showed that the aquifer was of unconfined type according to the Neuman's and Jacob's corrected curves. In addition, the hydraulic property values were similar in all experiments with a slight difference, which may be related to the differences in saturated thickness, total depths, hydraulic gradient, and properties of rocks and sediments.","PeriodicalId":23142,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Pure Science","volume":"257 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1352
Danyar A. Salih, F. Qader
Reservoir characterization of the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation at the wells of Miran West-2 (MW-2) and Bazian-1 (BN-1) is studied. This formation typically has low shale content at the BN-1 well. At the same time, in the MW-2 well, the middle part of the studied formation is dominated by shaly and shale intervals, possibly affected by the Sarmord and Balambo depositional environments. Although the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation is mainly composed of dolomite with minor dolomitic limestone, marl and shale are occasionally present. Furthermore, porosity values are commonly less than 15% in both wells; nevertheless, there are a few intervals where porosity significantly increases. The formation at the BN-1 well has a higher porosity than the MW-2 well. Moreover, the secondary porosity is relatively low as 4.0% at the MW-2 well, while in the well of BN-1, it ranges between < 4.0% and 7.5%. The measured permeability of the formation suggests good permeability. According to the shale volume, porosity, and permeability, the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation is subdivided into three reservoir units. RU 1 at the MW-2 well and RU 2 at the BN-1 well have the most substantial reservoir properties. However, the lowest reservoir quality appears within RU 1 of the BN-1 well and RU 2 at the well of MW-2. Additionally, residual hydrocarbons constitute an extensive fraction of the pore spaces, while tiny portions of the moveable one can be discovered along all reservoir units of the formation. Finally, considering the hydrocarbon movability of the MW-2 well, the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation is defined by primarily movable oils in RU 1 and 2. In contrast, moveable oils are detected in almost all of the reservoir units of the BN-1 well.
{"title":"Reservoir Characterization of the Upper Part of Qamchuqa Formation from Miran and Bazian Oilfields in Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq","authors":"Danyar A. Salih, F. Qader","doi":"10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1352","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir characterization of the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation at the wells of Miran West-2 (MW-2) and Bazian-1 (BN-1) is studied. This formation typically has low shale content at the BN-1 well. At the same time, in the MW-2 well, the middle part of the studied formation is dominated by shaly and shale intervals, possibly affected by the Sarmord and Balambo depositional environments. Although the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation is mainly composed of dolomite with minor dolomitic limestone, marl and shale are occasionally present. Furthermore, porosity values are commonly less than 15% in both wells; nevertheless, there are a few intervals where porosity significantly increases. The formation at the BN-1 well has a higher porosity than the MW-2 well. Moreover, the secondary porosity is relatively low as 4.0% at the MW-2 well, while in the well of BN-1, it ranges between < 4.0% and 7.5%. The measured permeability of the formation suggests good permeability. According to the shale volume, porosity, and permeability, the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation is subdivided into three reservoir units. RU 1 at the MW-2 well and RU 2 at the BN-1 well have the most substantial reservoir properties. However, the lowest reservoir quality appears within RU 1 of the BN-1 well and RU 2 at the well of MW-2. Additionally, residual hydrocarbons constitute an extensive fraction of the pore spaces, while tiny portions of the moveable one can be discovered along all reservoir units of the formation. Finally, considering the hydrocarbon movability of the MW-2 well, the upper part of Qamchuqa Formation is defined by primarily movable oils in RU 1 and 2. In contrast, moveable oils are detected in almost all of the reservoir units of the BN-1 well.","PeriodicalId":23142,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Pure Science","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1599
Sanaa I. Abdullah, T. Jasim, A. A. Shihab
The purpose of this study is to introduce the concept of homeomorphism via βm – closed set and study its behavior and properties in double fuzzy topological spaces. This objective is achieved through the definitions of df- βm continuous functions and df- βm closed functions. The results of this study represent important relationships and proofs, in addition to providing some necessary examples.
{"title":"The βm – Homeomorphism in Double Fuzzy Topological Spaces","authors":"Sanaa I. Abdullah, T. Jasim, A. A. Shihab","doi":"10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1599","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to introduce the concept of homeomorphism via βm – closed set and study its behavior and properties in double fuzzy topological spaces. This objective is achieved through the definitions of df- βm continuous functions and df- βm closed functions. The results of this study represent important relationships and proofs, in addition to providing some necessary examples.","PeriodicalId":23142,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Pure Science","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1377
Mohammad Adil Razooqi, Z. Majeed
Thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with several copper ratios were deposited on glass substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for pure and doped samples (TiO2 Pure, 1 % Cu, 2 % Cu, and 3 % Cu), energy (600 mJ), and frequency (6 Hz). X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the width of the peaks decreases with increasing the ratio of doping with copper. This leads to an increase in the crystal size and in the intensity of the copper peaks, as well as a gradual decrease in the intensity of the titanium dioxide peaks. The results of the atomic force microscope showed that increasing the inoculation percentage leads to an increase in the surface roughness and the average grain diameter, and thus an increase in the growth of the particle size. The electrical tests (Hall effect) showed that the prepared films are of (n-type) and that the concentration of carriers (n) increased with the doping ratio, while the mobility values (µH) decreased directly with the increase in copper. The electrical conductivity (DC) test showed an increase in the activation energy as a result of the increase in the copper inoculation percentage and thus the electrical conductivity increases.
使用脉冲激光沉积（PLD）技术在玻璃基底上沉积了含有多种铜比例的二氧化钛（TiO2）薄膜，包括纯样品和掺杂样品（纯 TiO2、1 % Cu、2 % Cu 和 3 % Cu），能量（600 mJ）和频率（6 Hz）。 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 显示，随着铜掺杂比例的增加，峰宽减小。这导致晶体尺寸和铜峰强度的增加，以及二氧化钛峰强度的逐渐降低。原子力显微镜的结果表明，接种比例的增加会导致表面粗糙度和平均晶粒直径的增加，从而导致粒径的增大。电学测试（霍尔效应）表明，制备的薄膜属于（n 型），载流子浓度（n）随掺杂率的增加而增加，而迁移率值（μH）则随铜的增加而直接降低。电导率（直流）测试表明，随着铜掺杂比例的增加，活化能也随之增加，因此电导率也随之增加。
{"title":"The Effect of Copper Doping on Some Structural and Electrical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanofilms","authors":"Mohammad Adil Razooqi, Z. Majeed","doi":"10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1377","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) with several copper ratios were deposited on glass substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for pure and doped samples (TiO2 Pure, 1 % Cu, 2 % Cu, and 3 % Cu), energy (600 mJ), and frequency (6 Hz). X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the width of the peaks decreases with increasing the ratio of doping with copper. This leads to an increase in the crystal size and in the intensity of the copper peaks, as well as a gradual decrease in the intensity of the titanium dioxide peaks. The results of the atomic force microscope showed that increasing the inoculation percentage leads to an increase in the surface roughness and the average grain diameter, and thus an increase in the growth of the particle size. The electrical tests (Hall effect) showed that the prepared films are of (n-type) and that the concentration of carriers (n) increased with the doping ratio, while the mobility values (µH) decreased directly with the increase in copper. The electrical conductivity (DC) test showed an increase in the activation energy as a result of the increase in the copper inoculation percentage and thus the electrical conductivity increases.","PeriodicalId":23142,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Pure Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1382
Isam R. Faeq, Shwan O. Abdalrahman
This study focuses on the stability and catastrophic behavior of finite periodic solutions in non-linear differential equations. The occurrence of folding surfaces and their relationship with saddle-node bifurcations are explored, being classified as fold and butterfly types of catastrophes. Additionally, the application of catastrophe theory is discussed to analyze the qualitative changes in solutions with the change in system parameters.
{"title":"The Stability and Catastrophic Behavior of Finite Periodic Solutions in Non-Linear Differential Equations","authors":"Isam R. Faeq, Shwan O. Abdalrahman","doi":"10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1382","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the stability and catastrophic behavior of finite periodic solutions in non-linear differential equations. The occurrence of folding surfaces and their relationship with saddle-node bifurcations are explored, being classified as fold and butterfly types of catastrophes. Additionally, the application of catastrophe theory is discussed to analyze the qualitative changes in solutions with the change in system parameters.","PeriodicalId":23142,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal of Pure Science","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1600
K. I. Alsaif, A. S. Abdullah
The process of detecting people in videos and then tracking their movement is one of the very important topics. The process of tracking people and studying their behaviour could result in a large set of information that can help researchers in studying reactions. The techniques of detection and tracking the movement of people are used in the sports field, where the athlete's movement is studied and analyzed within the game. Based on the information obtained from the process of tracking the athlete's movement, it is possible to improve the playing performance as well as avoid injuries and choose the best playing strategy. In some games, the accuracy of athlete's performance is a measure of the points given to the athlete's like gymnastics. This study reviews a set of articles that relied on computer vision as well as deep learning in the process of distinguishing and analysing the athlete's movement. The articles are confined to the years from 2015 to 2022, dealing with different indoor and outdoor sports. Certainly, the study of indoor games is better because the influence of weather conditions is less than that of outdoor ones. Reviewing the articles demonstrates that relying on computer vision systems is more effective than relying on human rulers, as humans are more prone to error. As for relying on the deep learning techniques for detecting the object, the results are very positive, due to the correct detection of the object. The results of the analysis of this object will be more accurate.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.25130/tjps.v28i6.1513
Imad Kadhim Khudhair
Calcium fluoride (CaF2) was precipitated using chemical precipitation method. The quantity was divided into three samples. The X-ray diffraction of samples was clear. The peaks were displaced from each other towards the lower diffraction angles. This is due to an expansion of crystal lattice due to an increase in the formation of atom voids in crystalline structure of compound CaF2. The results of absorption were clear. The energy gap for direct transmission is (3.7) eV and for indirect transmission is (2.9 and 3.1) eV. Evidence for the existence of atom voids. From the results of photoluminescence spectrum at excitation with a wavelength of (300) nm for the first and third samples and for second sample with (400) nm, a shift was observed in peaks as a result of change in density of atom voids and their displacement. The fluorescence spectrum also shifts towards longer wavelengths with increasing exposure to X-ray diffraction.
采用化学沉淀法析出氟化钙（CaF2）。其数量被分成三个样品。样品的 X 射线衍射清晰可见。衍射峰相互之间向低衍射角移动。这是由于化合物 CaF2 晶体结构中形成的原子空隙增加，导致晶格扩大。吸收结果很明显。直接透射的能隙为 (3.7) eV，间接透射的能隙为 (2.9 和 3.1) eV。原子空隙存在的证据。从第一个和第三个样品在波长为（300）纳米的激发下以及第二个样品在波长为（400）纳米的激发下的光致发光光谱结果来看，由于原子空隙密度的变化及其位移，峰值发生了移动。随着 X 射线衍射曝光时间的增加，荧光光谱也向长波长方向移动。
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