教化神、地方神与印度神概念的复杂性:来自南印度的证据

IF 3.6 3区 哲学 0 RELIGION Religion Brain & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI:10.1080/2153599X.2021.2006282
Caitlyn D. Placek, Aaron D. Lightner
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引用次数: 1

摘要

研究宗教的文化进化方法发现,在小规模社会中,“地方神”(LGs)通常关心仪式、群体内合作和生态挑战,而在大规模社会中,“道德神”(MGs)更关心亲社会性。相比之下,印度教的神被认为是一个神的各个方面,城市地区包括LGs,使普遍的区别复杂化。目前的研究调查了印度迈索尔(Mysore)的印度教徒(N = 165)对神的看法,他们主要崇拜湿婆(Shiva),一个典型的MG,和chamdeshwari, LG。通过调查和实验游戏,我们的结果表明chamdeshwari被认为同时拥有lgg和mg的典型特征。此外,在三个实验性经济游戏中,将湿婆神作为道德和惩罚之神的信仰与亲社会游戏分配有关,但对chamdeshwari的类似信仰则与此无关。参加湿婆的仪式预示着在一个游戏中分配给外群体成员,而参加chamdeshwari的仪式预示着在一个游戏中分配给自私的成员。这些复杂的结果表明,人口和文化差异可能对解释宗教差异的神的二分模型施加挑战,我们为未来的研究提供了方向,以更好地理解这种复杂性。
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Moralizing gods, local gods, and complexity in Hindu god concepts: evidence from South India
ABSTRACT Cultural evolutionary approaches to religion have found that in small-scale societies, “local gods” (LGs) usually care about ritual, in-group cooperation, and ecological challenges, whereas in large-scale societies, “moralizing gods” (MGs) are more concerned with prosociality. In contrast, Hindu deities are considered aspects of one god, and urban regions include LGs, complicating the prevailing distinction. The current study investigated perceptions of deities in Mysore, India, among Hindus (N = 165) who primarily worship Shiva, a prototypical MG, and Chamundeshwari, the LG. Using surveys and experimental games, our results indicated that Chamundeshwari is perceived as possessing characteristics typical of both LGs and MGs. Furthermore, beliefs about Shiva as a moralizing and punitive god were associated with prosocial game allocations in three experimental economic games, but similar beliefs about Chamundeshwari were not. Participation in rituals for Shiva predicted allocations toward outgroup members in one game, whereas participation in rituals for Chamundeshwari predicted selfish allocations in one game. These mixed results demonstrate the challenges that demographic and cultural variation can impose on dichotomous models of deities to explain religious variation, and we offer directions for future research to better understand such complexity.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
13.60%
发文量
93
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