Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cholinesterase Inhibitory Properties, and Antibacterial Potentials of Glycomis Pentaphylla Leaf Extract Relevant to the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

There is a tremendous unmet need to discover more potent and safe drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Reduced cholinergic activity and oxidative stress have been recognized as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, inhibition of cholinesterase and oxidation are the two promising strategies in the development of a drug for AD. This study determined the anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, DPPH free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties of Glycomis pentaphylla (Rutaceae). The objective of this study is to measure G. pentaphylla anti-AChE, anti-BChE, DPPH free radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition, antibacterial potentials to find out the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) against different pathogenic bacteria. G. pentaphylla leaf extract (GPEx) is exploited in the presented research to estimate its anticholinesterase, antioxidant potentials, and antibacterial properties. The cholinesterase inhibitory properties was quantified by modified Ellman method, and antioxidant potentials were evaluated by the assay of radical scavenging, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined using agar well diffusion method. The methanolic extract exhibited significant dual acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) effect. The IC50 values of AChE and BChE were 325.1±0.91, and 42.14±3.31 μg/ml. Furthermore, the extract showed radical scavenging ability, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect. The IC50 values of the extract for DPPH and hydroxyl free radical scavenging, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay were 95.6±0.68, 198.0±1.39, and 288.7±0.91 μg/ml, respectively. Phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of significant total phenolics and flavonoids contents. Additionally, the extract showed good effect with the zone of inhibition ranging 12–16 mm in diameter against Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. The tested sample reflects potential antioxidative and anticholinesterase inhibitory potentiality which may warrant its effectiveness in the treatment of AD along with good antibacterial properties.