论上卡马盐矿大型背斜褶皱的性质、地质力学与气体地球化学地带性

I. Chaikovskiy, O. Ivanov, I. L. Pan’kov, E. Chirkova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大褶皱(高度大于10 m)使长壁钾盐开采复杂化,并伴有气动力现象震源的形成。本研究通过分析矿区构造平面,进行构造地质观测,确定伴生气体的数量和组成,识别盐类的变形参数,识别其褶皱性质、岩石物性变化和气体分布。研究发现,在盐层两个褶皱体系的交会处发育了一个高度在30 m以上的独立的类弯曲褶皱。在该位错形成过程中,钾铁矿层发生了褶皱断裂作用,形成了断裂和指导性织构,其强度随离褶皱距离的增加而减小。在地质力学方面,形成了以下两个带:近的,轻度弱化的岩石与较硬的(约0 m)和较塑性的(约58 m)岩石亚带;远的,严重弱化的岩石与较粘性和较弹性的(约131 m)岩石亚带和较粘性和较弹性的(约241 m)岩石亚带。它们的形成以及颗粒的变平与气液包裹体的挤压和空间再分布有关。在气相扩散过程中,气体分布呈带状分布(甲烷及其同系物→氮气→二氧化碳)。事实证明,这与它们的迁徙能力是一致的。c2h6 / i - c4h10指数较高,说明部分烃类气体可能是在褶皱成岩作用过程中由盐类有机质就地生成的。确定了30 m褶皱的影响区为380 ~ 500 m,为预测该区间自由气灶的形成和采取相应的保护措施提供了可能。
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On the Nature of a Large Anticlinal Fold in the Upper Kama Salt Deposit, Its Geomechanical and Gas-Geochemical Zonality
Large (more than 10 m in height) folds complicate the longwall mining of potash salts and are accompanied with the formation of foci of gas-dynamic phenomena. In this study, to identify the folding nature, changes in the physical properties of its rocks, and the distribution of gases, we analyzed the structural plan of the mined formation, performed structural geological observations, determined the amount and composition of associated gases, and identified the deformation parameters of salts. It was found that a separate flexure-like fold with a height of more than 30 m developed at the intersection of two fold systems of the salt stratum. During the formation of this dislocation, the sylvinite layer underwent folding catagenesis, which led to the boudinage and the appearance of a directive texture, the intensity of which decreases with the distance from the fold. In terms of the geomechanics, the following two zones were formed: near, slightly weakened rocks with subzones of stiffer (about 0 m) and more plastic (about 58 m) rocks, as well as distant, heavily weakened rocks with subzones of more viscous and less elastic (about 131 m) rocks and less viscous and more elastic (about 241 m) rocks. Their formation, along with the flattening of grains, can be associated with the squeezing and spatial redistribution of gas-liquid inclusions. In the process of gas-phase diffusion, zonality in the distribution of gases was observed (methane and its homologues → nitrogen → carbon dioxide). It turned out to be consistent with their migration ability. The high value of the C 2 H 6 / i -C 4 H 10 index suggests that a part of the hydrocarbon gases could have been generated in situ from the organic matter of salts during the fold catagenesis. It was established that the zone of influence of a 30-m fold is 380–500 m, which makes it possible to predict the formation of free gases foci in this interval and the adoption of appropriate protection measures.
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