A feminist rewriting of Air India v Nergesh Meerza AIR 1981 SC 1829: proposal for a test of discrimination under Article 15(1)

ABSTRACT Nergesh Meerza is one of the earliest and most grave failures of the Supreme Court of India in the field of discrimination law. In a single stroke, not only did the Court drive a wedge between sex and gender to protect only the former from discrimination, it also debarred indirect and intersectional discrimination from the purview of the Constitution. This article presents a feminist judgment in this case which dissents from the original decision of the Court. It develops a version of constitutional protection from sex discrimination which embodies gender, indirect and intersectional discrimination. Importantly, it ventures into the hitherto neglected field of non-discrimination under Articles 15(1) and 16(2), and develops a substantive test for violations. Nergesh Meerza makes clear that without such a test, judges inevitably fail to give any meaning to the non-discrimination guarantees as part of the equality code of the Constitution.