热电联产厂热机废气热回收装置的用能效率

N. Fialko, A. Stepanova, R. Navrodskaya, S. Shevchuk
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摘要

本文介绍了热电厂热机废气热回收装置效率的研究结果。在此基础上,分析了利用离散模块原理和复杂的热回收系统效率分析方法的可能性,这些方法是基于消耗函数和用能平衡的方法。对换热器的设计特点进行了分析,得出了换热器可以作为8个离散模块组成的系统的结论。计算的结果,为每一个八个热交换器模块的火用特性,在指示的方法框架内执行,提出。在从热回收装置的第一个模块过渡到第八模块期间,观察到火用损失和热用效率标准的规律下降。然而,热交换器的第三和第四个模块的火用特性比指示的依赖性所表明的要高一些。这表明了这些模块的热力学缺陷。所有热交换器模块中的主要火用损失与从烟道气到壁面的热传递造成的损失有关。在所用方法的框架内计算的总火用损失值之间的差异不大,这表明两种方法都可以用于各种热回收方案。然而,在每个具体的情况下,有必要选择一种方法,它可以识别需要优化或建设性改进的单个元素。特别注意对所选技术进行比较分析,并考虑在各种情况下使用这些技术的优点和缺点。指出,基于积分平衡法的火用分析方法由于初始参数较少,分析计算方法简单,可以认为是有效的。使用消耗函数的技术的优势在于,它允许人们区分热交换器中的消耗,并确定其局部化的原因和区域。
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EXERGIC EFFICIENCY OF THE HEAT RECOVERY UNIT FOR WASTE GASES OF A HEAT ENGINE OF A COGENERATION PLANT
The paper presents the results of a study of the efficiency of a heat recovery unit for waste gases of a heat engine of a cogeneration plant. The possibilities of using for this purpose the discrete-modular principle and complex methods of analyzing the efficiency of heat recovery systems, which are based on the methods of exergo-dissipative functions and exergic balances, are analyzed. The design features of the heat exchanger are considered and a conclusion is made about the possibility of presenting it as a system of eight discrete modules. The results of calculating the exergy characteristics for each of the eight heat exchanger modules, performed within the framework of the indicated methods, are presented. A regular decrease in exergy losses and heat-exergy criterion of efficiency is observed during the transition from the first to the eighth module of the heat recovery unit. However, exergy characteristics for the third and fourth modules of the heat exchanger are somewhat higher than the indicated dependence suggests. This indicates the thermodynamic imperfection of these modules. The main exergy losses in all heat exchanger modules are associated with losses due to heat transfer from flue gases to the wall. An insignificant discrepancy between the values ​​of the total exergy losses calculated within the framework of the methods used indicates that both methods can be used in various heat recovery schemes. However, in each specific case, it is necessary to choose a methodology with which it is possible to identify individual elements that need optimization or constructive improvement. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the selected techniques and consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of their use in various cases. It is noted that the technique based on the integral balance method of exergy analysis can be considered effective due to the small number of initial parameters and the simplicity of the analytical and calculation methods. The advantage of the technique using exergo-dissipative functions is that it allows one to differentiate exergy losses in a heat exchanger and establish the causes and areas of their localization.
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