涡电厂输出功率与鱼友好度折衷的数值分析

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2018-07-03 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2018.1521709
S. Müller, Olivier Cleynen, S. Hoerner, Nils Lichtenberg, D. Thévenin
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引用次数: 17

摘要

摘要利用计算流体动力学方法研究了堰内涡电厂的特性,重点研究了与鱼类迁移和能量转换有关的所有流动特性。该数值模型依赖于雷诺平均非定常描述,使用流体体积法来描述自由表面。安装了几个监测器,特别是对电厂内水流的分布以及漂流物体与涡轮叶片之间的碰撞概率进行量化。容积流量、涡轮间隙、涡轮转速和涡轮叶片数量等参数都发生了变化。对速度和功率密度分布的系统观察有助于评估这些变化对生态的影响。研究发现,适度增加涡轮间隙和减少叶片数量在功率输出和容易迁移的机会之间提供了一个有吸引力的折衷。最后,预测了与鱼撞击涡轮叶片有关的危险可以通过仔细调整涡轮转速而大大减少。这些发展是朝着在严格的生态法规下运行的机器对鱼类友好性进行系统的数字评估迈出的第一步。
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Numerical analysis of the compromise between power output and fish-friendliness in a vortex power plant
Abstract The characteristics of a vortex power plant integrated in a weir have been investigated using computational fluid dynamics, with a special focus on all flow properties relevant to fish migration and energy conversion. The numerical model relies on a Reynolds-averaged, unsteady description using the volume-of-fluid method to describe the free surface. Several monitors are implemented, quantifying, in particular, the distribution of water velocities within the plant, and the probability of impact between drifting objects and turbine blades. Parameters, such as volume flow rate, turbine clearance, turbine speed and number of turbine blades have been varied. The systematic observation of the distribution of velocities and power density help assess the ecological impact of those modifications. It is found that a moderate increase of the turbine clearance and a reduction of the number of blades provide an attractive compromise between power output and opportunity for easy migration. Finally, it is predicted that the hazard associated with a fish hitting turbine blades can be greatly reduced by a careful adaptation of the turbine rotation velocity. Those developments are a first step towards a systematic numerical assessment of the fish-friendliness of machines operating under stringent ecological regulations.
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