The importance of laboratory-based neoichnological experiments for aquatic palaeoecological analyses

Abstract Neoichnological analyses are essential for the accurate assessment and interpretation of ancient, trace-bearing sedimentary successions. Behaviours exemplified by modern organisms are diverse and commonly complex. Direct observation is most easily accomplished in shallow aquatic and subaerially exposed settings, with sustained observation limited primarily to the latter. Laboratory-based neoichnological experimentation fills the void left by the limitations on field based-studies. It also allows for the standardization of behaviour-influencing variables such as substrate parameters, water characteristics and resource availability. By altering these variables, subtle changes in behaviour and trace-making can be observed, enhancing our ability to interpret the rock record.