基于旋转溢流堰的城市河网水质可持续改善——以常州市为例

Liu Yang, Xie Chen, Fan Ziwu, Yang Fan, Yang Chang, L. Guoqing
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摘要

调水是中国城市平原河流水质改善的一种实用且常用的方法。本文研究了以旋转溢流堰作为常州市平原区河网引水改善水质的主要工程方案,包括水动力建模、现场试验和应用。根据目前的地形和水系,设计了调水方案,包括清洁水源、调水路径、水量和调水速率。选择长江作为优质水源,利用其两条支流作为清洁水源。设计了四个旋转溢流堰,形成三级水力梯度。研究的城市水网在没有水泵的情况下,能够实现清洁水的自然有序流动。对所需的清洁源头水位和清洁水源分布进行了水动力学模拟。在设计地点建造了四个临时堰,以进行实地试验。并通过现场试验验证了引水方案及其对水质的改善效果。之后,建造了四个永久性旋转溢流堰。目前监测结果表明,设计调水方案达到预期效果。常州市主城区平原区大部分河流流速已由停滞状态提高到7cm/s。93%的监测断面综合水质由V类改善到III类,全部改善到IV类及以上。
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Sustainable Improvement of Water Quality in Urban River Network by Rotating Overflow Weir—Case Study of Changzhou City in China
Water diversion is a practical and commonly used approach to improve the water quality of rivers in urban plains in China. This paper researches using rotating overflow weirs as the primary engineering solution to facilitate water diversion and improve the water quality of the river network in urban plain area of Changzhou, including hydrodynamic modeling, field tests, and application. The water diversion scheme, including clean water source, water transfer paths, quantity, and rate, was designed based on its current terrain and river systems. The Yangtze River was selected as a high-quality water source, and its two tributaries were utilized as clean water paths. Four rotating overflow weirs were proposed to create three stages of hydraulic gradient. Clean water can flow naturally and orderly in the researched urban river network without pumps. The required clean headwater level and clean water distributions were modeled hydrodynamically. Four temporary weirs were constructed at design locations to conduct field tests. And the water diversion scheme and its water quality improvement had been verified by field tests. Afterward, four permanent rotating overflow weirs were built. Currently, the monitoring results show the design water transfer scheme reaches expectations. The flow velocity in most rivers has been increased to 7cm/s from standstill in Changzhou's main urban plain area. The composite water quality of 93% river cross-sections monitored has been improved from Class V to Class III and all have been improved to Class IV and above.
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