Effect of Bullying on the Risk of Anxiety and Social Interaction Disorder among Senior High School in Yogyakarta

Background: Bullying is a widespread pheno­menon among young people and is used to describe interpersonal relationships charac­te­rized by an imbalance of power. The Indone­sian Child Protection Commission noted that there were 161 cases of bullying in 2018. Ado­lescents who are involved in bullying expe­ri­ence risks such as psychiatric symptoms, alco­hol and drug abuse and even suicide. This study aims to analyze the effects of bullying on self-concept and social disorders in high school students in Sleman Yogyakarta. Subjects and Method: This study used a cross sectional study design. This study was conducted in Sleman Regency in August 2019. The sample was taken by using stratified ran­dom sampling with a total of 200 senior high school students. The independent variables include parental education, social environment, anxiety level, self-concept, and social interac­tion disorders. The dependent variable was bullying behavior. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using multilevel multiple logistic regression with stata 13. Results: Low family education (b= 3.11; 95% CI= 0.83 to 3.67; p= 0.002), social environ­ment in the city (b=3.15; 95% CI= 0.71 to 3.09; p= 0.002), have social media (b=4.13; 95% CI= 1.46 to 3.83; p= 0.000), have a level of anxiety (b= 2.92; 95% CI= 0.62 to 3.17; p= 0.005), negative self-concept (b=2.83; 95% CI= 0.62 to 3.40; p= 0.005), social interaction disorder (b= 3.23; 95% CI= 0.87 to 3.55; p= 0.001) increased the likelihood of experiencing bullying in adolescents. Variations at the school level indicated that there was a contextual influence on bullying behavior (ICC= 13.18%). Conclusion: There is a statistically significant influence of parental education, social environ­ment, social media, anxiety levels, self-concept, and social interaction disorders on bullying behavior in adolescents. Variations at the level of school show that there is a contextual influ­ence on bullying behavior in adolescents. Keywords: bullying, adolescents, multi­level analysis Correspondence:  Hainas Sani Privetera. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: sariprivitera@gmail.com. Mobile: +628­2328848001. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2020), 05(04): 306-316 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2020.05.04.08.