Similitude in Archaeology: Examining Agricultural System Science in PreColumbian Civilizations of Ancient Peru and Bolivia

Similitude theory adapted to archaeological system analysis provides insight into thought processes underlying agricultural field-system designs used by Andean societies. A basic equation governing the optimum rate of food production dependent upon land, water, labor and technology resources is derived and compared to Chimu, Tiwanaku and Inka field-system designs. Actual designs are close to theoretical optimum designs demonstrating advanced engineering used in decision making underlying field-system designs. Further examples demonstrate how Andean societies managed land, water, labor and technology to provide economic advantage for their populations. The presentation illustrates that agricultural field-system designs were based upon scientific/economic principles and provide a further dimension as to how Andean societies successfully sustained their agricultural development.