司法实践在行政程序概念形成中的作用

I. Boiko
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摘要

文章强调,乌克兰需要通过一项行政程序立法,这是由国家的欧洲一体化愿望和公共行政的以人为本的取向所决定的。在缺乏一部包含行政程序规则的单一法律、对采取行政行为程序的零碎法律规定的情况下,判例法在形成行政程序概念方面发挥了重要作用。本文的目的是通过对判例法的研究,以概述法院制定的立场,了解行政程序的内容,构成行政程序的规则。本研究采用了以下科学方法:实证方法,可以在大量的法院判决中进行追踪,形成体现行政程序概念基本原则和原则的立场;理论方法,包括分析和概括,可以得出司法实践在发展行政程序基本基础中的作用。法律程序被法院解释为法治和法治的一部分,是防止公共当局在决策和行动中滥用权力的重要保障,必须确保个人得到公平对待。研究发现,法院在判决书中对行政程序的某些方面的认识形成并概述了一些立场:法律程序的本质,其在行政和法律规制中的意义;合理期望原则的实质;关于行政程序违反性与所采取行为合法性比例的评估;了解个人的发言权(或参与行政诉讼的权利);确保行为人在维持行政行为中的合法利益(信托);论行政诉讼中证据的可采性行政行为的效力因执行而耗尽的不可能终止(取消),以及关于公共行政自由裁量权的实施原则。本文认为,判例法构成了行政程序主义可以嵌入的基本思想和结论。因此,事实上,法院填补了行政行为通过程序法律规制的空白。
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THE ROLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPT ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE
The article emphasizes the need to adopt a legislative act on administrative procedure in Ukraine,which is conditioned by the European integration aspirations of the state, human-centeredorientation of public administration. In the absence of a single law that would contain therules of administrative procedure, fragmentary legal regulation of the procedure for adoptingadministrative acts, case law plays a significant role in shaping the concept of administrativeprocedure. The purpose of the article is to study the case law in order to outline the positions formulated by the court to understand the content of the administrative procedure, the rulesthat make it up. The study used the following scientific methods: empirical, which was able totrack among a large number of court decisions, which formed positions that embody the basicprinciples and principles of the concept of administrative procedure, and theoretical, includinganalysis and generalization, which allowed to draw conclusions about the role of judicial practicein developing the basic foundations of administrative procedure. Legal procedure, interpreted bythe court as part of the rule of law and the rule of law, is an important guarantee against abuse bypublic authorities in decision-making and actions that must ensure fair treatment of the individual.As a result of the research it was found out that the courts have developed and outlined in theirdecisions a number of positions on understanding certain aspects of administrative procedure: theessence of legal procedure, its significance in administrative and legal regulation; the essence ofthe principle of legitimate expectations; regarding the assessment of the ratio of the violation ofthe administrative procedure with the legality of the adopted act; understanding of a person’s rightto be heard (or the right to participate in administrative proceedings); ensuring the legitimateinterest (trust) of the person in maintaining the administrative act; on the admissibility of evidencein administrative proceedings; impossibility of termination (cancellation) of an administrative act,the effect of which is exhausted by execution, as well as regarding the principles of implementationof discretion by the public administration. The article concludes that the case law forms the basicideas and conclusions that can be embedded in the doctrine of administrative procedure. Thus, infact, the courts fill the gaps in the legal regulation of the procedure for adopting administrative acts.
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