日耳曼语一般现在时动词及其形态和语义特征

Andriy Botsman, O. Dmytruk
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文的目的是详细描述日耳曼动词的所有可能的语义和形态特征。一些研究已经处理了一般现在时动词的问题;然而,对这些动词的语义和形态功能的研究仅仅是挑出动词在不同日耳曼语言中的特征、特点和潜在可能性,而没有对所得结果进行任何对齐。关于西日耳曼语和北日耳曼语(斯堪的纳维亚语)的一般现在时动词的资料很少。一些学者对这些动词的语义方面进行了分析,但这些动词在其他印欧语言(波罗的海语、斯拉夫语、罗曼语)中是如何形成的仍然未知。现有研究的矛盾之处在于这些动词在拉丁语和希腊语中的反映。虽然对一般现在时动词的音系特征进行了详细的研究,但却没有考虑和比较它们在形态和语义上的特点。应特别注意这些动词的语音和形态特征的功能和相互关系。本文对一般现在时动词的语音和形态特征进行了详细而一致的分析。本文旨在确定在语音过程影响下形成的一般现在时动词的形态特征。本研究的目的是探讨日耳曼语的一般现在时动词与其他印欧语言的可能来源之间的联系。作者定义了一般现在时动词语义所特有的一组特征。详细分析了这些动词的功能。作者试图分析这些动词的性质。不仅在日耳曼语言中,而且在其他印欧语言中,都注意到动词的一般现在时的功能。本文主要采用比较历史的方法。作者认为这种有效的调查方法是可靠的,适合于动词的一般现在时分析。
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Germanic Preterite-Present Verbs and their Morphological and Semantic Peculiarities
The purpose of this article is to give detailed description to all possible semantic and morphological features of Germanic preterite-present verbs. Some research has dealt with the problem of preterite-present present verbs; however, semantic and morphological functions of these verbs were studied only by singling out verb characteristics, peculiarities, potential possibilities in different Germanic languages without any alignment of the obtained results. There is little information available on preterite-present verbs within the west Germanic and North Germanic (Scandinavian) subgroups. Semantic aspect of these verbs was analysed by some scholars, but it is still unknown how these verbs were formed in other Indo-European languages (Baltic, Slavonic, Romantic). The contradicting point of the available research is how those verbs are reflected in Latin and Greek. In spite of the fact that preterite-present verbs were studied in detail in terms of phonological characteristics, their morphological and semantic peculiarities were not taken into account and compared. Special attention should be given to the functioning and correlation of phonological and morphological peculiarities of those verbs. This paper offers the results of a detailed and consistent analysis of phonological and morphological peculiarities of preterite-present verbs. The paper aims at determining the morphological characteristics of preterite-present verbs, which were formed under the influence of phonological processes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection of Germanic preterite-present verbs with possible sources in other Indo-European languages. The authors define a set of characteristics peculiar of preterite-present verbs semantics. The functions of these verbs are analysed in detail. The authors attempt to analyse the nature of these verbs. The attention is paid to the functions of preterite- present verbs not only in the Germanic languages, but in other Indo-European languages, too. The comparative historical method is used here as the main one. The authors see this valid way of investigation as reliable and appropriate for the preterite-present verb analysis.
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