你可在近代早期的告解书中…秉持良心与正义

IF 0.1 Q3 HISTORY Journal of Early Modern Christianity Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI:10.1515/jemc-2015-0006
Merio Scattola
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要“良心”是十六世纪天主教神学的一个主要问题,它在神学大全的伟大评论的思辨神学中发挥了重要作用,在那里它被视为认识论的问题。但它也主导了《忏悔录》的文学,《忏悔录》旨在解决实际生活中的问题。这些著作可以依赖于一个相当长的,非常丰富的传统,它在十五世纪给了一个系统的形状,所有的问题都与不同的论坛有关,可以胜任基督徒的罪。这一学说的主要特点是教会必须管理内部法庭和外部法庭,这是教会管辖权的一部分。自十六世纪后期以来,路德宗、加尔文宗或清教神学都采用了同样的模式,当然,两者之间有很大的不同,因为教会在忏悔过程中的圣礼调解逐渐被完全摒弃了。就这样,“内场”和“外场”之间的区别发展到这样一个地步,即前者只与个人良心相符合,后者只与主权权力的法律相一致。
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Gewissen und Gerechtigkeit in den Beichtbüchern der Frühen Neuzeit
Abstract “Conscience” was a main issue in the Catholic theology of the XVI century and it played an important part in the speculative theology of the great commentaries on the Summa theologiae, where it was treated as the epistemological problem of the synderesis. But it also dominated the literature of the Summulae confessorum, which was intended to solve problems of practical life. These writings could rely on a quite long and very rich tradition, which had given in the XV century a systematic shape to all questions pertaining to the different fora competent for the sins of the Christian. The main feature of this doctrine was that the church had to administrate both the forum internum and the forum externum, which was intended as a part of the ecclesiastic jurisdiction. The same pattern was adopted since the late XVI century by both Lutheran and Calvinistic or Puritan theology, of course with an important difference, because the sacramental mediation of the church in the process of the confession was progressively dismissed completely. In this way, the difference between the forum internum and the forum externum was developed to such a point that the former corresponded only with the singular conscience and the latter coincided only with the law of a sovereign power.
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