商业危机的宪政后果:贸易在“关键时期”的角色反思

D. Norwood
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文认为,商业以及对商业的关注,在促使美国精英将18世纪80年代定义为“危机”时期方面发挥了重要作用,塑造了宪政改革和后宪政秩序的动力。在独立之初,美国革命者对国际贸易有着宏伟的抱负。他们认为商业将是这个新国家繁荣和安全的命脉。当战后的经济形势未能实现这些伟大的期望时,许多革命者感到他们的整个国家计划受到威胁。商业危机为美国人提供了一个依据《邦联条例》重新审视政府的理由,然后是改革政府的动机——这一过程最终在美国宪法和第一届联邦会议上建立了一个新的商业体系。考察贸易在“关键时期”的作用,揭示了“私人”商业世界是如何与国家建设的“公共”工作紧密交织在一起的,对美国政治发展的动力贡献比历史学家有时承认的要大。18世纪80年代的商业危机反映了美国领导人在国际贸易上的理论、道德和实践投资,其后果被有效地理解为宪法。
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The Constitutional Consequences of Commercial Crisis: The Role of Trade Reconsidered in the "Critical Period"
abstract:This essay argues that commerce, and concerns about commerce, played a significant role in driving U.S. elites to define the 1780s as a period of "crisis," shaping both the drive toward constitutional reform and the postconstitutional order. At the outset of independence, American Revolutionaries had grand ambitions for their international trade. They imagined that commerce would be the lifeblood of their new nation's prosperity and security. When the postwar economic situation failed to live up to these great expectations, many Revolutionaries felt that their entire national project was threatened. Commercial crisis provided Americans with a reason to reexamine government under the Articles of Confederation, and then a motive to reform it—a process culminating in the U.S. Constitution and the framing of a new commercial system in the First Federal Congress. Examining the role of trade in the "Critical Period" reveals how the "private" world of commerce intertwined closely with the "public" work of nation-building, contributing more to the dynamics of U.S. political development than historians have at times acknowledged. Reflecting American leaders' theoretical, moral, and practical investment in international trade, the consequences of the commercial crisis of the 1780s are usefully understood as constitutional.
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0.30
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