评估北顿涅茨克热电联产厂排放对城市人口健康的影响

I. V. Kravchenko, O. Suvorin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。确定国有企业“北罗顿涅茨克热电联产厂”的排放对北罗顿涅茨克空气盆地污染水平的贡献及其对公众健康的风险。通过使用EOL-2000 [h]自动化系统模拟污染物从单点源扩散并评估慢性致癌和毒性风险,该系统具有用于计算排放在大气中扩散的“风险指标”实用程序。风险计算器(EPA US)帮助评估不同职业的工人的风险水平,即户外工人、室内工人和建筑工人。季节性风升是根据哥白尼气候变化服务(欧盟委员会)的结果确定的。根据所采用的建模情景(工厂稳定运行,季节性风上升),东南“北罗顿涅茨克СP”排放对北罗顿涅茨克空气污染水平的贡献非常小,因为所有成分的含量都低于正常水平。然而,这种植物会释放出锰、钒、汞、二甲苯和氟化氢等有毒化合物,这些化合物会与聚合组中的背景物质结合。根据建模结果,北顿涅茨克的卫生保护区СP不需要修改或调整。在所有排放物中,铬(VI)和镍表现出对肺和鼻腔单向影响的致癌特性。工厂气体排放产生的个体致癌风险为6.01´10-6是可以接受的。从非致癌风险的最低(目标)水平来看,北顿涅茨克核电站СP排放物不太可能表现出慢性毒性作用。在寒冷期间,СP计划活动的排放量不超过MPC,对居住在居民区附近的居民和企业雇员的健康风险最小。与此同时,北罗顿涅茨克的空气质量不令人满意,需要采取措施降低风险。为了完成这项任务,有必要查明对城市人口健康构成最大风险的所有空气污染源。
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Assessing the Impact of Emissions of Severodonetsk Cogeneration Plant on the Health of the Urban Population
Purpose. To determine the contribution of emissions of the state enterprise ‘Severodonetsk Cogeneration Plant’ to the air basin pollution level in Severodonetsk and the risks to public health. Methods. Modelling of the pollutants spread from a single point source and assessment of chronic carcinogenic and toxic risks by using EOL-2000 [h] automated system with the ‘Risk Indicator’ utility for calculating the dispersion of emissions in the atmosphere. Risk Calculator (EPA US) helped to assess the risk levels for workers of different occupations, namely, outdoor workers, indoor workers, and builders. The seasonal wind rose was determined based on the Copernicus Climate Change Service (European Commission). Results. According to the adopted modelling scenario (stable operation of the plant, a seasonal wind rose), the contribution of emissions from SE ‘Severodonetsk СP’ to the level of air pollution in Severodonetsk is extremely small, since the contents of all components are less than normal. However, the plant emits toxic compounds of manganese, vanadium, mercury as well as xylene and hydrogen fluoride, which are combined with background substances in the summation group. According to the modelling results, the sanitary protection zone of Severodonetsk СP does not require modification or adjustment. Among all the emissions, chromium (VI) and nickel demonstrate oncogenic properties with a unidirectional effect on the lungs and nasal cavity. The individual carcinogenic risk of 6.01´10-6 generated by gas emissions of the plant is acceptable. Manifestation of chronic toxic effects from emissions of Severodonetsk СP is unlikely as indicated by the minimum (target) levels of non-carcinogenic risks. Conclusions. Emissions from the planned activities of the СP during the cold period do not exceed MPC, and the risks to the health of the population living nearby residential areas and employees of enterprises are minimal. At the same time, the air quality in Severodonetsk is not satisfactory and requires measures to reduce risks. To perform this task, it is necessary to identify all sources of air pollution with the maximum contribution to the risks to the urban population health.
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