巴西潘塔纳尔北部裸面龟的活动模式、性别比例和社会组织

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Western Birds Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI:10.3390/birds4010010
Martin Senič, K. Schuchmann, Kathrin Burs, Ana Silvia de Oliveira Tissiani, F. D. de Deus, M. I. Marques
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在新热带珊瑚科中,许多分类群的种群规模正在迅速下降,面临局部灭绝的危险。然而,在巴西潘塔纳尔,有几个物种是对称分布的,而且数量丰富,可以进行长期研究。因此,本研究旨在收集资料并统计评估作为重点保护物种的裸面龟(Crax fasciolata)的生活史模式。此外,还对常用的独立滤波器对相机陷阱数据的处理效果进行了评价。这项研究是在巴西马托格罗索州的SESC Pantanal, Baía das Pedras,一个大约4200公顷的私人保护区进行的。在2015年7月至2017年12月(4768个采样日)期间,在间隔1公里的规则网格中放置了相机陷阱,对37个采样点进行了监测。检出片形吸虫26只(70.27%),独立捕获357只(554只)。捕获成功率在四个季节期间有所不同,在退潮期间最高,在高潮期间最低。热带稀树草原的季节差异更为明显,在上升期活动明显降低,在消退期活动明显增加,而在森林占主导地位的地区则较为均匀。有后代的群体在退潮期间更活跃,表明在退潮前几个月是繁殖活动的高峰期。日活动呈双峰型,高峰在06:00 ~ 07:00和16:00 ~ 17:00之间。当比较季节、性别和有无后代的成虫时,它们的日常活动节律相似,而在两种栖息地之间则不同(在森林中更为均匀)。检测到的平均组大小为1.55±0.81 SD,其中4只动物的聚集性最大。未观察到较大的单性成虫聚集。后代性别比为0.51:1.00,呈明显的雌性偏斜,而成年性别比为1.05:1.00(男:女)。使用不同的独立过滤器不会改变BFC一般活动模式估计。珊瑚是生境质量的重要生物指标。这项研究的结果概述了潘塔纳尔作为该物种的据点的重要性,以及人为活动较少的私人保护区对其种群非常有益。
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Activity Patterns, Sex Ratio, and Social Organization of the Bare-Faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata) in the Northern Pantanal, Brazil
Among Neotropical cracids (Galliformes), many taxa are declining rapidly in population size and facing local extinction. However, in the Brazilian Pantanal, several species occur sympatrically and in abundant numbers to allow for long-term studies. Therefore, the study was intended to collect data and statistically evaluate the life history patterns of Bare-faced Curassow (Crax fasciolata), a high-conservation-priority species. Additionally, the effect of applying commonly used independence filters on camera trap data was evaluated. The study was conducted in the SESC Pantanal, Baía das Pedras, Mato Grosso, Brazil, a private protected area of approximately 4200 ha. Between July 2015 and December 2017 (4768 sampling days), 37 sampling locations were monitored with camera traps placed in a regular grid with a spacing of 1 km. Crax fasciolata was detected at 26 (70.27%) of them, with 357 independent captures (554 individuals). Capture success differed among the four seasonal periods, being highest during the receding and lowest during the high-water period. The seasonal difference was more pronounced in the savanna, with significantly lower activity during the rising period and higher activity during the receding period, while it was more uniform in forest-dominated areas. Groups with offspring were more active during the period of receding water, indicating the peak of reproductive activity in the months before. The daily activity of the species followed a bimodal pattern, with peaks between 06:00 and 07:00 and 16:00 and 17:00. Daily activity rhythms were similar when compared between seasonal periods, sexes, and adults with or without offspring and differed between two habitats (more homogeneous in the forest). The mean detected group size was 1.55 ± 0.81 SD, with four animals exhibiting the largest observed aggregation. Larger unisexual aggregations of adults were not observed. The offspring sex ratio was significantly female-skewed at 0.51:1.00, while the adult sex ratio was considered equal at 1.05:1.00 (male:female). The use of different independence filters did not alter the BFC general activity pattern estimates. Cracids can be considered important bioindicators of habitat quality. The results of this study outline the importance of the Pantanal as a stronghold for this species and the privately protected areas with low anthropogenic activity as highly beneficial to its populations.
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Western Birds
Western Birds Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
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