持久性有机污染物的运输:微塑料污染的另一个影响?

IF 6.8 1区 地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI:10.1002/wat2.1600
D. Gateuille, E. Naffrechoux
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引用次数: 8

摘要

在过去的十年中,研究微塑料在环境中的存在及其影响的研究数量急剧增加。试图识别这些颗粒的工作已经毫无疑问地证明,微塑料构成了一种影响所有环境隔间的普遍污染,从内部空气到北极雪。对其潜在生态毒理学影响的研究更为细致,但许多研究表明,当这些微塑料与持久性有机污染物联系在一起时,它们会产生有害影响。本文主要介绍了微塑料在水生环境中对POP的吸附和转运及其可能产生的毒性效应。事实上,微塑料和持久性有机污染物之间的联系在环境中非常普遍。如果相互作用的机制是众所周知的,它们取决于许多因素,它们在环境中的重要性在时间和空间上是非常可变的。事实上,这些相互作用既取决于塑料颗粒(聚合物类型、结晶度、粒径、形状、比表面积和官能团/极性),也取决于污染物(疏水性、官能团),还取决于环境因素(微生物种群、盐度/离子强度、pH值、溶解有机物浓度和温度)。污染物与微塑料之间相互作用的变化可导致污染物在水生环境中的释放和潜在的毒性效应。然而,除特定情况外,微塑料作为外源分子(多环芳烃、多氯联苯等)的局部来源的作用很少显著,因为所涉及的污染物数量有限。对于进入塑料初始成分的内源性化学物质(邻苯二甲酸盐、杀菌剂等)来说,这是不容忽视的。
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Transport of persistent organic pollutants: Another effect of microplastic pollution?
Over the past decade, the number of studies examining the presence and effects of microplastics in the environment has drastically increased. Works seeking to identify these particles have proven beyond doubt that microplastics constitute a generalized pollution affecting all environmental compartments, from inside air to arctic snows. Studies on their potential ecotoxicological impacts were more nuanced but many have shown deleterious effects when these microplastics were associated with persistent organic pollutants. This primer mainly focuses on POP sorption and transport by microplastics in the aquatic environment and the possible toxic effects that result from it. Indeed, the associations between microplastics and persistent organic pollutants are very common in the environment. If the mechanisms of interactions are well known, they depend on many factors and their significance in the environment can be very variable in time and space. Indeed, these interactions depend on both the plastic particle (polymer type, crystallinity, particle size, shape, specific area, and functional groups/polarity) and the pollutant (hydrophobicity, functional groups) but also environmental factors (microorganism population, salinity/ionic strength, pH, dissolved organic matter concentration, and temperature). Changes in the interactions between pollutants and microplastics can result in pollutant release in the aquatic environment and potential toxic effects. However, apart from specific situations, the role of microplastics as local source of exogenous molecules (PAHs, PCBs, etc.) is rarely significant because the limited amounts of involved pollutants. It is much less negligible for endogenous chemicals that enter into the initial composition of the plastic (phthalates, biocides, etc.).
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来源期刊
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
16.60
自引率
3.70%
发文量
56
期刊介绍: The WIREs series is truly unique, blending the best aspects of encyclopedic reference works and review journals into a dynamic online format. These remarkable resources foster a research culture that transcends disciplinary boundaries, all while upholding the utmost scientific and presentation excellence. However, they go beyond traditional publications and are, in essence, ever-evolving databases of the latest cutting-edge reviews.
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