Productivity of winter barley depending on preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine

Winter barley is a valuable food, fodder, and technical crop. Our research is aimed at obtaining economically and energy-efficient, adequate to the bioresource potential of winter barley grain yield, depending on the preceding crops in Transcarpathia of Ukraine. Research and balance calculations available soil moisture showed that the conditions of Transcarpathia it is negative and ranges from 250 to 1210 tons / ha or 25-121 mm. Accumulation and efficient use of available moisture in the soil depends on the amount of precipitation and their frequency of precipitation, crop rotation (preceding crops), tillage system, fertilization, and weediness of fields. The largest reserves of available moisture in the soil during the sowing of winter barley were after winter rape and buckwheat, the smallest – after sunflower and, especially, corn for grain. During the autumn-winter period, the reserves of available moisture in a meter layer of soil were replenished by 21-35%, but the influence of preceding crops remained. The critical period of winter barley in terms of moisture occurs during earing - grain filling. Preceding crops of early harvesting (winter oilseed rape and buckwheat) have a positive effect on the accumulation and retention of moisture in the soil. Late harvest preceding crops (maize for grain and sunflower) reduce the available moisture content and reserves by up to 18% compared to early harvest crops. On average over three years, the highest yield of winter barley was after buckwheat and amounted to 5.9 t / ha, the lowest - after corn for grain and was at 4.9 t / ha, which is 0.8 t / ha lower than the control variant.