Eye-associated multiple cranial nerve palsies

Multiple cranial nerve paresis (MCNP) can occur due to some syndromes, systemic diseases, extracranial and intracranial pathologies. The paresies including cranial nerves III, IV, V, VI, and VII are eye-associated MCNP. The common causes of eye- associated MCNP often include cavernous sinus syndrome, superior orbital fissure syndrome, orbital apex syndrome, and cerebellopontine angle syndrome. Clinical approach to MCNP includes the careful examination for generalized limitation in various gaze positions, proptosis, decreased corneal and facial sensation, conjunctival injection, ptosis, anisocoria, and cerebellar signs. In this review, we aim to briefly remind the main causes of MCNP associated with the eye.