Where are we in the management of type 2 DM?

Efficacy a) Oral medications tend to be less effective in lowering HbA1c (< 1% reduction). b) Insulin and GLP1 RA reduce HbA1c more, alone or in combination. c) Basal insulin and GLP1 RA are similar in reducing HbA1c when used as 1st injectable. d) Adding an oral medication looks reasonable when HbA1c is still between 7-8%. e) Adding one of the injectable when HbA1c is 8% or above is the most reasonable to a patient on oral medication. f) Adding two or more oral medications can bring high HbA1c to goal.