里根主义与全球遏制:复兴还是衰退

R. Hansen
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引用次数: 3

摘要

假定的不可区分的国家利益,有无限的手段来反对苏联的权力和影响的直接和间接的扩张,以及在重新武装起来的美国能够再次以实力地位进行谈判之前,与苏联谈判是不明智的正如一位研究遏制政策的学者在1983年指出的那样,“事实上,人们必须回到后来的杜鲁门政府,才能找到对军事装备积累的同等重视,以及对谈判的相应程度的怀疑。”到里根政府第一个任期结束时,它重振全球遏制的努力基本上失败了。然而,具有讽刺意味的是,如果说1985年上半年生动地说明了这些失败,那么它也见证了目前被认为是克服这些失败的重大机会的出现。在1985年2月6日的国情咨文中,总统首次公开提出了后来被其他人称为“里根主义”的理念:
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The Reagan Doctrine and Global Containment: Revival or Recessional
assumed undifferentiable national interests, the availability of unlimited means to oppose the direct and indirect expansion of Soviet power and influence, and the inadvisability of negotiation with the Soviet Union until a rearmed America could once again bargain from a position of strength.1 As a student of containment noted in 1983, "One would, in fact, have to go back to the later Truman administration to find a comparable emphasis on the accumulation of military hardware and a corresponding degree of skepticism regarding negotiations."2 By the end of the Reagan administration's first term it had substantially failed in its efforts to revitalize global containment. Ironically, however, if the first half of 1985 vividly illustrated those failings, it also witnessed the emergence of what is presently claimed to be a significant opportunity to overcome them. In his 6 February 1985 State of the Union address, the president first publicly set forth what others were soon to call the Reagan Doctrine:
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