病态化的丑陋:《美学病理学》中自然主义和规范主义主张的概念分析。

IF 1.3 3区 哲学 Q3 ETHICS Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI:10.1093/jmp/jhac039
Yves Saint James Aquino
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引用次数: 2

摘要

病态化丑陋指的是使用疾病语言和医疗过程来培养和支持这样一种说法,即不受欢迎的特征是需要医疗或手术干预的病理状况。这种做法主要发生在整容手术中,它诉诸于“美学病理学”的概念,这是一种偏离某些指定美学规范的特征的医学名称。这篇文章提供了美学病理学的两个方面的概念分析。首先,我认为,从规范主义和自然主义对疾病的描述中衍生出的三套主张,为丑陋作为一种疾病的框架提供了信息。这些主张涉及:(1)审美危害,(2)审美功能障碍,(3)审美偏差。其次,我介绍了医学中杂交循环的概念,它融合了对疾病的自然主义和规范的理解,这可能使病理化的做法成为可能。在整容手术的背景下,这个循环同时促进了将美丽理想作为正常生物属性的框架和将正常外观作为审美理想的框架,从而使整容干预的需求合法化。因此,这篇文章提供了一个原创的讨论,从一个特定的实践中出现的概念性问题,在整容手术中,将丑陋描述为疾病。
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Pathologizing Ugliness: A Conceptual Analysis of the Naturalist and Normativist Claims in "Aesthetic Pathology".

Pathologizing ugliness refers to the use of disease language and medical processes to foster and support the claim that undesirable features are pathological conditions requiring medical or surgical intervention. Primarily situated in cosmetic surgery, the practice appeals to the concept of "aesthetic pathology", which is a medical designation for features that deviate from some designated aesthetic norms. This article offers a two-pronged conceptual analysis of aesthetic pathology. First, I argue that three sets of claims, derived from normativist and naturalistic accounts of disease, inform the framing of ugliness as a disease. These claims concern: (1) aesthetic harms, (2) aesthetic dysfunction, and (3) aesthetic deviation. Second, I introduce the notion of a hybridization loop in medicine, which merges the naturalist and normative understanding of the disease that potentially enables pathologizing practices. In the context of cosmetic surgery, the loop simultaneously promotes the framing of beauty ideals as normal biological attributes and the framing of normal appearance as an aesthetic ideal to legitimize the need for cosmetic interventions. The article thus offers an original discussion of the conceptual problems arising from a specific practice in cosmetic surgery that depicts ugliness as the disease.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.20%
发文量
30
期刊介绍: This bimonthly publication explores the shared themes and concerns of philosophy and the medical sciences. Central issues in medical research and practice have important philosophical dimensions, for, in treating disease and promoting health, medicine involves presuppositions about human goals and values. Conversely, the concerns of philosophy often significantly relate to those of medicine, as philosophers seek to understand the nature of medical knowledge and the human condition in the modern world. In addition, recent developments in medical technology and treatment create moral problems that raise important philosophical questions. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy aims to provide an ongoing forum for the discussion of such themes and issues.
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