14个不同社会的宗教信仰性别差异

IF 3.6 3区 哲学 0 RELIGION Religion Brain & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI:10.1080/2153599X.2021.2006292
Tom Vardy, Cristina Moya, Caitlyn D. Placek, C. Apicella, Alexander H. Bolyanatz, Emma Cohen, C. Handley, E. Kundtová Klocová, C. Lesorogol, Sarah Mathew, Sarah A. McNamara, B. Purzycki, Montserrat Soler, Jonathan L. Weigel, A. Willard, D. Xygalatas, A. Norenzayan, J. Henrich, M. Lang, Q. Atkinson
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引用次数: 6

摘要

长期以来,宗教学者一直试图解释女性比男性更虔诚的宗教信仰这一持久的发现。然而,这种“性别差距”的大小可能取决于所采用的宗教虔诚程度、抽样的宗教传统和社会人口因素。在这里,我们对来自14个不同社会的2002名个体进行了系统的跨文化调查,以了解宗教信仰性别差距的普遍程度及其解释。虽然不同社会之间存在差异,但女性通常表现出对社区道德之神更大的精神承诺(即更多地思考和担忧),更频繁地参加社区道德之神的仪式,更频繁地祈祷。虽然我们发现性别差异超出了基督教世界,但在对更多地方神的宗教信仰上没有这种差异,男性往往表现出更大的信仰。对宗教信仰的性别差异与女性较低的正规教育程度和较高的心理化程度之间的解释提供了初步的支持,然而,对男性对当地神的宗教信仰程度较高的解释仍然难以捉摸。然而,我们的数据表明,一些当代世界宗教的教化之神,与当地的神和传统不同,已经以更吸引女性的方式进化了。
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The religiosity gender gap in 14 diverse societies
ABSTRACT Scholars of religion have long sought to explain the persistent finding that women tend to report greater religiosity than men. However, the size of this “gender gap” may depend on the measure of religiosity employed, the religious tradition being sampled, and socio-demographic factors. Here, we conduct a systematic cross-cultural investigation into the prevalence of, and explanations for, the religiosity gender gap in 2,002 individuals from 14 diverse societies. While variation exists across societies, women in general indicate greater mental commitment (i.e., thinking and worrying more about) to their community’s moralistic god, more frequent participation in rituals for their community’s moralistic god, and more frequent prayer. While we find that the gender gap extends beyond the Christian world, no such difference was seen in religious commitment towards more local gods, to which men tend to show greater commitment. Tentative support is provided for explanations relating gender differences in religiosity to lower formal education and greater mentalizing among women, however an explanation for greater religious commitment to local gods among men remains elusive. Nevertheless, our data suggest that the moralizing gods of some contemporary world religions, unlike local deities and traditions, have evolved in ways that make them more appealing to women.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
13.60%
发文量
93
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