脉冲光容积脉搏波传感器的可靠性:使用不同装置和身体位置的覆盖范围

IF 1.9 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Frontiers in electronics Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI:10.3389/felec.2022.906324
Pablo Armañac-Julián, S. Kontaxis, Andrius Rapalis, V. Marozas, P. Laguna, R. Bailón, E. Gil, J. Lázaro
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引用次数: 0

摘要

脉冲光容积脉搏波(PPG)是一种简单、经济的获取心血管信息的技术。事实上,PPG已经成为可穿戴设备中非常流行的技术。然而,众所周知,PPG信号非常容易受到伪影的影响,在日常生活中大多数时候都不能期望得到高质量的信号。可以估计给定测量的时间百分比(例如,脉冲速率)表示覆盖率(C),它高度依赖于受试者活动和传感器的配置、位置和接触的稳定性。本工作旨在量化PPG传感器的覆盖范围,以同时记录的心电图作为参考,在身体不同部位和不同应激条件下记录PPG。虽然许多先前的研究分析了PPG作为心率变异性分析的替代方法的可行性,但尚未有研究覆盖率来推导其他心血管指标的工作。我们不仅报道了估计脉冲速率(PR)的覆盖范围,还报道了估计脉冲到达时间(PAT)和脉冲幅度变异性(PAV)的覆盖范围。为此目的分析了三个不同的数据集,包括倾斜表测试、急性情绪压力测试和热压力测试。数据集分别包括19名、120名和51名受试者,前两个数据集的PPG位于手指和前额,后两个数据集的PPG位于耳垂。估计PR的C范围为70%至90%。对于PAT的估计,C范围为50%至90%,这很大程度上取决于PPG传感器的位置、PPG质量和选择用于描绘PPG的基准点(FP)。事实上,由于这些序列的动态范围很小,FP的描述对于估计PAT等衍生序列的时间至关重要。对于PAV的估计,C率在70% ~ 90%之间。一般来说,前额的PPG获得了较低的C速率。在手指和耳垂处使用PPG没有观察到C的差异。然后,使用任何一种方法的好处将取决于应用程序。然而,使用相同的PPG信号可以获得不同的C速率,这取决于所选择的FP描述。当使用PPG的顶点而不是最大流速或基点时,报告的C较低,差异从1%到10%不等。对于进一步的研究,应首先分析和验证每个设置,考虑到本工作中提出的结果和指南,以研究其记录设备在每个特定应用中的可行性。
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Reliability of pulse photoplethysmography sensors: Coverage using different setups and body locations
Pulse photoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple and economical technique for obtaining cardiovascular information. In fact, PPG has become a very popular technology among wearable devices. However, the PPG signal is well-known to be very vulnerable to artifacts, and a good quality signal cannot be expected for most of the time in daily life. The percentage of time that a given measurement can be estimated (e.g., pulse rate) is denoted coverage (C), and it is highly dependent on the subject activity and on the configuration of the sensor, location, and stability of contact. This work aims to quantify the coverage of PPG sensors, using the simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram as a reference, with the PPG recorded at different places in the body and under different stress conditions. While many previous works analyzed the feasibility of PPG as a surrogate for heart rate variability analysis, there exists no previous work studying coverage to derive other cardiovascular indices. We report the coverage not only for estimating pulse rate (PR) but also for estimating pulse arrival time (PAT) and pulse amplitude variability (PAV). Three different datasets are analyzed for this purpose, consisting of a tilt-table test, an acute emotional stress test, and a heat stress test. The datasets include 19, 120, and 51 subjects, respectively, with PPG at the finger and at the forehead for the first two datasets and at the earlobe, in addition, for the latter. C ranges from 70% to 90% for estimating PR. Regarding the estimation of PAT, C ranges from 50% to 90%, and this is very dependent on the PPG sensor location, PPG quality, and the fiducial point (FP) chosen for the delineation of PPG. In fact, the delineation of the FP is critical in time for estimating derived series such as PAT due to the small dynamic range of these series. For the estimation of PAV, the C rates are between 70% and 90%. In general, lower C rates have been obtained for the PPG at the forehead. No difference in C has been observed between using PPG at the finger or at the earlobe. Then, the benefits of using either will depend on the application. However, different C rates are obtained using the same PPG signal, depending on the FP chosen for delineation. Lower C is reported when using the apex point of the PPG instead of the maximum flow velocity or the basal point, with a difference from 1% to even 10%. For further studies, each setup should first be analyzed and validated, taking the results and guidelines presented in this work into account, to study the feasibility of its recording devices with respect to each specific application.
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