矿山安全环保岩溶陷落柱特征及修复——以任楼煤矿为例

Shuning Dong, Hao Wang, Wanfang Zhou
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引用次数: 1

摘要

岩溶陷落柱是岩溶地体中独特的陷落构造。中国的煤矿开采已经暴露出许多直径数十米、高度数百米的地物。导水塌陷作为地下工作面与含水层之间的地下水通道,在煤矿开采过程中造成突水。在过去的60年里,洪水通过这些崩塌造成了死亡、经济损失和环境退化。确定岩溶陷落柱的位置和水文地质特征是防止突水事件发生的关键。先进的地球物理勘探、定向钻井、含水层测试和伴生染料示踪是探测和表征这些构造的有效方法。利用地表、地下物探和3口986 m深勘探井定向钻井等5种物探技术,在任楼煤矿发现了高度超过135 m的隐伏塌陷特征。塌落物顶板深度约785 m,顶部有1.5 ~ 2 m高的空穴。岩土力学特性、封隔器测试和示踪剂测试结果、电位压力监测和地球化学指纹图谱表明,该陷落柱具有水力导流性,且仍在积极发育。煤层上覆或下覆的承压薄层灰岩和奥陶系灰岩含水层中的水,如果没有事先识别,但在开采过程中遇到,可能会流入地下工作区。设计并实施了注浆方案,在塌方处建立了一个水塞,有效地切断了含水层与地下工作的水力连接。通过对含水层的动态监测,证实了在塌方中成功施工堵水。
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Characterization and Remediation of Karst Collapse Columns for Mining Safety and Environmental Protection: A Case Study in Renlou Coal Mine, China
Karst collapse columns are unique collapse structures in karst terranes. Coal mining in China has exposed numerous such features of tens of meters in diameter and hundreds of meters in height. Hydraulically conductive collapses functioned as groundwater pathways between underground workings and aquifers, resulting in water inrushes during coal mining. Over the last 60 years, water inrushes through these collapses have caused fatalities, economic losses, and degradation in the environment. Determination of locations and hydrogeological characteristics of the karst collapse columns are essential in preventing water inrush incidents through them. Advanced geophysical prospecting, directional drilling, aquifer testing and accompanied dye tracing are effective approaches to detecting and characterizing these structures. Five geophysical techniques consisting of both surface and underground geophysical surveys and directional drilling of three exploratory boreholes up to 986 m deep identified a concealed collapse feature of more than 135 m high in Renlou Coal Mine, China. The roof of the collapse feature was at approximately 785 m deep, and there was an open void of 1.5 - 2 m high at the top. Geotechnical properties, results from packer testing and tracer testing, monitoring of potentiometric pressures, and geochemical fingerprinting suggested that this collapse column was hydraulically conductive and still actively developing. Water in the confined thin-bedded limestone and Ordovician limestone aquifer that either overlies or underlie coal seams could flow into the underground working areas if this feature were not identified in advance but encountered during mining. A grouting program was designed and implemented to construct a water plug in the collapse that effectively cut off the hydraulic connections from the aquifers to the underground workings. Successful construction of the water plug in the collapse was confirmed by performance monitoring of the aquifers.
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