{"title":"g -四联体结构多态性研究进展","authors":"Mahima Kaushik, S. kaushik, S. Kukreti","doi":"10.15866/IREBIC.V5I2.4356","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Genomes contain a large number of putative guanine-rich sequences, specifically on promoter regions, untranslated regions (UTR’s) and telomeres etc. that could form guanine-quadruplexes, and may serve as important structural and regulatory elements. They can also be the source of genomic instability which may lead to cancer, aging and human genetic diseases. Four guanines in the same plane, joined together with Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, and stacked over one another resulting in guanine tetrads, give rise to an incredible class of G-quadruplexes. An extensive range of G-quadruplex structures is well documented, where they differ in number of strands (uni, bi, or tetramolecular), conformations (parallel, antiparallel or mixed), shapes (chair or basket form), or types of loops (edgewise/ lateral, diagonal, double chain reversal/ propeller, or V-shaped loops) etc. With advancements in the techniques, various new multistranded G-rich DNA structures are enriching the DNA structural databases. The most recent ones are (3+1) G-quadruplex, Tri-G-quadruplex, G-triplex DNA etc. which actually add to the diversity of G-quadruplex structures. Exploring their polymorphism with various biophysical and biochemical techniques has hence become extremely important. This review mainly focuses on the discussion of these unusual and comparatively new polymorphic G-quadruplex DNA structures. The robustness of these unique (3+1) G-quadruplex or G-triplex or tri-G-quadruplex structures actually can be exploited for providing a strong foundation for the designing of structure-specific drugs. Recently, G-quadruplex structures have been quantitatively visualized in human cells by engineering structure-specific antibody. Considering these developments, the mapping of G-quadruplex structures in genome may now be possible, with a goal of controlling the gene functions or other cellular processes, which might be involved in diseases like cancer.","PeriodicalId":14377,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Biophysical Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Advancement in the Structural Polymorphism of G-Quadruplexes\",\"authors\":\"Mahima Kaushik, S. kaushik, S. 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An extensive range of G-quadruplex structures is well documented, where they differ in number of strands (uni, bi, or tetramolecular), conformations (parallel, antiparallel or mixed), shapes (chair or basket form), or types of loops (edgewise/ lateral, diagonal, double chain reversal/ propeller, or V-shaped loops) etc. With advancements in the techniques, various new multistranded G-rich DNA structures are enriching the DNA structural databases. The most recent ones are (3+1) G-quadruplex, Tri-G-quadruplex, G-triplex DNA etc. which actually add to the diversity of G-quadruplex structures. Exploring their polymorphism with various biophysical and biochemical techniques has hence become extremely important. This review mainly focuses on the discussion of these unusual and comparatively new polymorphic G-quadruplex DNA structures. The robustness of these unique (3+1) G-quadruplex or G-triplex or tri-G-quadruplex structures actually can be exploited for providing a strong foundation for the designing of structure-specific drugs. Recently, G-quadruplex structures have been quantitatively visualized in human cells by engineering structure-specific antibody. 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引用次数: 1
摘要
基因组中含有大量假定的富含鸟嘌呤的序列,特别是在启动子区、非翻译区和端粒等可以形成鸟嘌呤四联体,可能是重要的结构和调控元件。它们也可能是导致癌症、衰老和人类遗传疾病的基因组不稳定的根源。同一平面上的四个鸟嘌呤,通过胡斯汀氢键连接在一起,相互堆叠形成鸟嘌呤四聚体,形成了一种令人难以置信的g -四聚体。广泛的g -四重结构被很好地记录了,它们在链数(单分子,双分子或四分子),构象(平行,反平行或混合),形状(椅子或篮形)或环类型(边/横向,对角线,双链反转/螺旋桨或v形环)等方面有所不同。随着技术的进步,各种新的多链富g DNA结构正在丰富DNA结构数据库。最近出现的是(3+1)g -四重体、三- g -四重体、g -三重体DNA等,它们实际上增加了g -四重体结构的多样性。因此,利用各种生物物理和生物化学技术来探索它们的多态性变得非常重要。本文主要对这些不常见的和相对较新的多态g -四重体DNA结构进行了综述。这些独特的(3+1)g -四联体或g -三联体或三- g -四联体结构的稳健性实际上可以为设计结构特异性药物提供坚实的基础。近年来,g -四重体结构已通过工程结构特异性抗体在人细胞中定量可视化。考虑到这些进展,基因组中g -四重体结构的绘制现在可能成为可能,其目标是控制基因功能或其他可能与癌症等疾病有关的细胞过程。
Advancement in the Structural Polymorphism of G-Quadruplexes
Genomes contain a large number of putative guanine-rich sequences, specifically on promoter regions, untranslated regions (UTR’s) and telomeres etc. that could form guanine-quadruplexes, and may serve as important structural and regulatory elements. They can also be the source of genomic instability which may lead to cancer, aging and human genetic diseases. Four guanines in the same plane, joined together with Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, and stacked over one another resulting in guanine tetrads, give rise to an incredible class of G-quadruplexes. An extensive range of G-quadruplex structures is well documented, where they differ in number of strands (uni, bi, or tetramolecular), conformations (parallel, antiparallel or mixed), shapes (chair or basket form), or types of loops (edgewise/ lateral, diagonal, double chain reversal/ propeller, or V-shaped loops) etc. With advancements in the techniques, various new multistranded G-rich DNA structures are enriching the DNA structural databases. The most recent ones are (3+1) G-quadruplex, Tri-G-quadruplex, G-triplex DNA etc. which actually add to the diversity of G-quadruplex structures. Exploring their polymorphism with various biophysical and biochemical techniques has hence become extremely important. This review mainly focuses on the discussion of these unusual and comparatively new polymorphic G-quadruplex DNA structures. The robustness of these unique (3+1) G-quadruplex or G-triplex or tri-G-quadruplex structures actually can be exploited for providing a strong foundation for the designing of structure-specific drugs. Recently, G-quadruplex structures have been quantitatively visualized in human cells by engineering structure-specific antibody. Considering these developments, the mapping of G-quadruplex structures in genome may now be possible, with a goal of controlling the gene functions or other cellular processes, which might be involved in diseases like cancer.