Effect of aluminium oxide nano additive on diesel along with gasoline fumigation in single cylinder diesel engine

The present investigation mainly focuses on overcoming the limitations of gasoline fumigation (GF) in diesel engines by adding up nano fuel additives. Experiments are conducted to ascertain the engine working characteristics in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine using aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nano additives blended diesel as the main injection fuel along with GF as an inducted fuel. GF was achieved by controlling the electronic injector fitted at the intake manifold using open ECU software. Fuel map for GF was determined based on experiments with three divergent fumigation rates of 10%, 20%, and 30% based on energy consumption and optimized using the design of experiments. The optimization results showed 10% fumigation, resulting in better performance and emission characteristics, and it is selected for this present investigation. Fumigation results showed a decrease in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) at low and medium loads and an increase at high loads. The two different mass fractions of 25 ppm and 50 ppm Al2O3 nano liquid are blended with diesel. Compared to GF with diesel, GF along with 25 and 50ppm Al2O3 nano additives blended diesel showed an increased BTE, maximum in-cylinder pressure, and cumulative heat release rate and reduced smoke opacity, CO, and unburned HC emissions at overall operating conditions. As the dosage level of Al2O3 increases from 25 to 50 ppm, it results in further enhancement of all working parameters except NOx emission. Finally, the addition of an Al2O3 Nano additive is a suitable solution to overcome the limitations of GF in the CI engine.