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A Novel Demulsifier Used to Separate Water from the Emulsion 一种新型乳化液水分离破乳剂
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp85-91
Mohammed Massoud Samba
Recently, there has been interest in using chemical demulsifiers to separate the water phase from crude oil emulsion. Separating the water from the emulsion is crucial before transportation and refining to avoid complications from the water phase. This research introduces a novel chemical demulsifier, Poly (AAc-co-AAm) hydrogel, synthesised at Sebha University. Its characteristics were examined using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy test (FTIR). Its efficiency was tested against commercial demulsifiers (Emulsotron and Dmo-66813) used in some Libyan oil fields. The chosen concentrations for Poly (AAc-co-AAm) were 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, while commercial demulsifiers were tested based on the standard method in the oil field. The results revealed that Poly (AAc-co-AAm) outperformed the commercial demulsifiers in terms of separation time, volume, and quality. Notably, the 0.5% concentration of Poly (AAc-co-AAm) provided the best separation results.
近年来,人们对利用化学破乳剂分离原油乳状液中的水相产生了兴趣。在运输和精炼之前,将水从乳化液中分离出来是至关重要的,以避免水相的并发症。本研究介绍了一种新型化学破乳剂,聚(AAc-co-AAm)水凝胶,由赛卜哈大学合成。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测试了其特性。在利比亚的一些油田中使用了商用破乳剂(Emulsotron和Dmo-66813),对其效果进行了测试。聚(AAc-co-AAm)的选择浓度分别为0.5%、1%和2%,而商用破乳剂则根据油田的标准方法进行测试。结果表明,聚(AAc-co-AAm)在分离时间、体积和质量方面优于商用破乳剂。其中,0.5%浓度的Poly (AAc-co-AAm)的分离效果最好。
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引用次数: 0
A Quick and Comprehensive Method for Determining Static ATC with NRS and VFT 用NRS和VFT快速综合测定静态ATC的方法
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp45-51
Mostafa Eidiani
Electricity market players prioritize available transfer capability (ATC) as an attractive solution. Market participants can gain a financial advantage through accurate and fast ATC solutions. In order to provide a suitable and valuable solution, we use differential load flow equations. A dynamic system's entire time-domain trajectory can be solved by this method, along with a fictional time-domain differential equation. This article uses Newton-Raphson-Seydel instead of Newton-Raphson, which can also be used to determine voltage stability. A variable frequency transformer (VFT) was used in this study to increase and control transmission power. A 50% time saving on small systems was achieved with the proposed method, which was applied to seven different systems. In addition, it performed better on large systems by more than 90%. This proposal for static ATC presents promising results and can be applied to online applications.
电力市场参与者优先考虑可用传输能力(ATC)作为一个有吸引力的解决方案。市场参与者可以通过准确和快速的ATC解决方案获得财务优势。为了提供一个合适的和有价值的解决方案,我们使用微分负荷流方程。该方法可以求解一个动态系统的整个时域轨迹,并给出一个虚拟的时域微分方程。本文使用newton - rapson - seydel代替Newton-Raphson,牛顿- raphson也可用于确定电压稳定性。本研究采用变频变压器(VFT)来增加和控制传输功率。将该方法应用于7个不同的系统,在小型系统上节省了50%的时间。此外,它在大型系统上的性能提高了90%以上。该静态ATC方案具有良好的应用前景,可应用于在线应用。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Long-Term Soaking on the Load-Bearing Capacity of Bitumen-Treated Saline Sabkha Soil Subgrade 长期浸水对沥青处理盐碱土路基承载力的影响
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp23-32
FAHAD A. AL-OTAIBI
This study delves into the potential of using modified sabkha soil, a low-quality material, as a cost-effective solution for road construction in Kuwait, a country grappling with resource limitations. The research evaluates the effects of adding different percentages of bitumen (0%, 4%, 8%, and 10%) to sabkha soil samples, specifically looking at their load-bearing capacity under long-term soaking conditions. The findings indicate that adding up to 8% bitumen enhances the soil's geotechnical properties and its load-bearing capacity. However, any further addition leads to a decline in these properties. Importantly, the soil's load capacity shows significant improvement under soaked conditions. These encouraging laboratory results suggest that utilizing waste sabkha soil could pave the way for effective soil waste management techniques, thereby addressing environmental concerns related to sabkha soil disposal.
本研究深入探讨了使用改良的sabkha土壤(一种低质量的材料)作为科威特道路建设的一种具有成本效益的解决方案的潜力,科威特是一个努力解决资源限制的国家。该研究评估了在sabkha土壤样品中添加不同比例沥青(0%、4%、8%和10%)的效果,特别是观察了它们在长期浸泡条件下的承载能力。结果表明,添加8%的沥青可提高土体的岩土力学性能和承载能力。然而,任何进一步的添加都会导致这些特性的下降。重要的是,土壤的承载能力在浸水条件下表现出显着的改善。这些令人鼓舞的实验室结果表明,利用废弃的sabkha土壤可以为有效的土壤废物管理技术铺平道路,从而解决与sabkha土壤处理有关的环境问题。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical Risk Assessment and Prevention Action Plan Related to Petroleum Production. Case Study of Laboratory and Storage Units in an Algerian Oil and Gas Company 与石油生产有关的化学品风险评估及预防行动计划。阿尔及利亚某石油和天然气公司实验室和存储单元案例研究
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp73-84
Samia Chettouh, Saleh Arif
Chemical risk is considered one of the most frequent risks in the workplace, affecting the safety of workers continuously exposed to chemical substances. In addition, it can have an environmental impact and cause an explosion when unacceptable conditions are met. To know the effects of chemical risks and how to prevent them, this study is proposed, the main objective of which is the evaluation of chemical hazards and the proposal of an action plan to avoid this kind of risk in industrial companies. Our case study focused on the crude oil production company " PERTAMINA" using the SEIRICH software. The results indicate that most chemicals are hazardous and can cause serious harm to workers exposed to them periodically. Therefore, the proposed preventive action plan for safety improvement aims to ensure continuous development in oil and gas field production, processing, and distribution, taking into account the health and safety of workers.
化学风险被认为是工作场所最常见的风险之一,影响着持续接触化学物质的工人的安全。此外,当满足不可接受的条件时,它可能对环境产生影响并引起爆炸。为了了解化学品风险的影响以及如何预防它们,提出了这项研究,其主要目的是评估工业公司的化学品危害并提出避免此类风险的行动计划。我们的案例研究集中在使用SEIRICH软件的原油生产公司“PERTAMINA”。结果表明,大多数化学品都是有害的,对定期接触这些化学品的工人会造成严重伤害。因此,提出的安全改进预防行动计划旨在确保油气田生产、加工和分配的持续发展,同时考虑到工人的健康和安全。
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引用次数: 0
HAZard and OPerability Study Analysis as a Semi-Automatic Approach 作为半自动方法的危险性和可操作性研究分析
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp52-72
Soufyane Boutadjine, Mourad korichi, Ilyas sellami
Risk analysis is crucial in industrial conception. HAZOP is the top risk analysis method for the oil and gas sector. This paper presents a semi-automatic method to address HAZOP's limitations and produce automatic results. The method uses a knowledge base, initially filled with gas liquefaction data, and is enhanced with subsequent case studies. An inference engine processes this data to conduct a HAZOP study. Propagation rules identify potential deviation paths, enabling risk analysis and consequence prediction based on the knowledge base. This method uniquely illustrates deviation paths and introduces nodes along these paths for further study. The findings derive from dynamic knowledge of each system in the knowledge base and can be reviewed and amended by experts.
风险分析在工业概念中是至关重要的。HAZOP是油气行业的顶级风险分析方法。本文提出了一种半自动方法来解决HAZOP的局限性,并产生自动结果。该方法使用了一个知识库,最初填充了气体液化数据,并通过后续的案例研究进行了增强。一个推理引擎处理这些数据来进行HAZOP研究。传播规则识别潜在的偏差路径,支持基于知识库的风险分析和后果预测。该方法独特地描述了偏离路径,并在这些路径上引入了节点,以供进一步研究。这些发现来自知识库中每个系统的动态知识,可以由专家进行审查和修改。
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引用次数: 0
State-of-the-Art Review on Utilization of Fly Ash in Pavement Structures 粉煤灰在路面结构中的应用研究进展
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp33-44
Marwa Jazi, Uneb Gazder, Md Arifuzzaman, Madiha Abid
The use of fly ash in construction has been on the rise, yet its application in pavement construction remains relatively underexplored. This study addresses this gap by critically reviewing 70 years of research on fly ash usage in pavement engineering, offering valuable recommendations. Class 'C' fly ash is employed for soil stabilization, while class 'F' is used in concrete. In both flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavements, fly ash primarily functions as a filler material. Fine ash, owing to its fineness, enhances asphalt concrete by reducing void ratios and water sensitivity, as well as easing subgrade compaction while increasing compressive strength. Incorporating fly ash into Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) enhances resistance to cracking and oxidative ageing. Adding fly ash (up to 25%) significantly boosts soil failure stress and strain values by 106% and 50%, respectively, while a combination of 8% lime and 18% fly ash yields maximum shear strength. A modest amount of lime (1-2%) mixed with 10% fly ash achieves a maximum dry density of 1.98 gm/cm3 at an optimal water content of 12.62%. Additional testing by researchers corroborates and validates the findings of this literature review.
粉煤灰在建筑中的应用已呈上升趋势,但其在路面施工中的应用探索相对较少。本研究通过批判性地回顾70年来路面工程中粉煤灰使用的研究,提出了有价值的建议,从而解决了这一差距。C级粉煤灰用于土体稳定,F级粉煤灰用于混凝土稳定。在柔性(沥青)和刚性(混凝土)路面中,粉煤灰主要用作填充材料。细灰由于其细度,通过降低空隙率和水敏感性来增强沥青混凝土,并在增加抗压强度的同时缓解路基的压实。将粉煤灰掺入热拌沥青(HMA)中可以提高其抗开裂和抗氧化老化能力。掺加粉煤灰(掺量为25%)可显著提高土体破坏应力和应变值,分别提高106%和50%,掺加8%石灰和18%粉煤灰可获得最大抗剪强度。适量的石灰(1-2%)与10%的粉煤灰混合,在最佳含水量为12.62%时,最大干密度为1.98 gm/cm3。研究人员的额外测试证实了这篇文献综述的发现。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregates on Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete Mixes in Rigid Pavements 再生沥青路面骨料对刚性路面混凝土混合料强度和耐久性的影响
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp1-11
Rohit Vasudeva, Dr M Abdul Akbar
The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates in rigid pavements instead of conventional aggregates in Himalayan regions solves the problem associated with shrinking natural resources and dumping of wastes. This study studied the effect of partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregates by RAP in Dry Lean Concrete (DLC) mixes suitable for rigid pavements. A total of 114 specimens (cubical and cylindrical) were cast and tested for mechanical and durability properties as per ASTM and IS code guidelines, partially replaced with CRAP by 25%, 50%, and 75% by weight. The simultaneous effect of fly ash addition by partial replacement of cement by it was also studied. The study concludes that 25% partial replacement by CRAP with 10% fly ash as partial replacement of cement led to the achievement of the strength benchmark as mandated by IRC SP 44 (2014). It was also observed that durability properties such as resistance to acid attack, sulphate attack and carbonation also improved in DLC mixes, including CRAP and fly ash, when compared to control mixes.
在喜马拉雅地区,在刚性路面上使用再生沥青路面(RAP)骨料代替传统骨料解决了与自然资源萎缩和废物倾倒相关的问题。本研究研究了适用于刚性路面的干贫混凝土(DLC)混合料中RAP部分替代传统粗骨料的效果。根据ASTM和IS规范指南,共铸造了114个试件(立方体和圆柱形),并对其进行了机械和耐久性性能测试,部分用重量分别为25%、50%和75%的CRAP代替。研究了粉煤灰部分替代水泥的同时掺加效果。研究得出结论,25%的废水泥部分替代,10%的粉煤灰部分替代水泥,达到了IRC SP 44(2014)规定的强度基准。与对照混合物相比,DLC混合物(包括CRAP和粉煤灰)的耐酸侵蚀、硫酸盐侵蚀和碳酸化等耐久性性能也得到了改善。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced Biogas Production from Rice Husks and Okra Stalks by Co-digestion with Ostrich Dung and Cow Manure 稻壳和秋葵秸秆与鸵鸟粪和牛粪共消化提高沼气产量
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp12-22
Huda Jassim, Amal Khalil
In this study, two sides were studied. First one included single and combined pretreatment which were performed to treat milled rice husks compared to increase the production of biogas untreated rice husks. The other side included investigate the effect of two types of mixing: mixing rice husks and okra stalks using three mixing ratios inoculated with ostrich dung compared to rice husks and okra stalks inoculated with ostrich dung separately and mixing ostrich dung and cow manure using three mixing ratios with rice husks compared to using rice husks inoculated with ostrich dung and cow manure separately. The ten reactors, which were carried out in this study, were in batch mode. Single pretreatment included hydrothermal and oxidative pretreatment with 50% (v/v) H2O2, while combined pretreatment consisted of both hydrothermal and H2O2 pretreatment. The cow manure was used as inoculum in this anaerobic co-digestion process. The results clarified that the increase of biogas productions were by 5.42%, 48.05%, and 59.07% for hydrothermal, H2O2, and combined pretreatment of hydrothermal and H2O2, respectively. For first mixing, 25:75 ratio (rice husks: okra stalks) was better than other ratios in the production of biogas (48.77 ml/g VS). In the second case of mixing, 75:25 ratio (ostrich dung: cow manure) was better than other ratios in the production of biogas (21.85 ml/g VS). Kinetic study was applied using modified Gompertz model, and there was well agreement between the predicted and measured values of the all pretreatments with correlation coefficient > 0.95. The pretreatment samples of rice husks and the mixing of materials improve the production of biogas and methane.
在这项研究中,研究了两个方面。第一种方法是对稻壳进行单一预处理和联合预处理,以提高未处理稻壳的沼气产量。另一方面考察了两种混合方式的效果:分别用鸵鸟粪接种稻壳和秋葵秸秆进行3种混合,与分别用鸵鸟粪接种稻壳和秋葵秸秆进行3种混合;用鸵鸟粪和牛粪分别用稻壳和牛粪进行3种混合,与分别用鸵鸟粪和牛粪接种稻壳进行3种混合。本研究采用的10个反应器均为间歇式反应器。单次预处理包括水热预处理和50% (v/v) H2O2氧化预处理,联合预处理包括水热预处理和H2O2预处理。以牛粪为接种剂进行厌氧共消化。结果表明,水热、H2O2和水热与H2O2联合预处理的沼气产量分别提高了5.42%、48.05%和59.07%。第一次混合时,稻壳与秋葵茎的比例为25:75,产气效果最佳(48.77 ml/g VS)。在第二种混合情况下,75:25的比例(鸵鸟粪:牛粪)比其他比例更能产生沼气(21.85 ml/g VS)。采用改进的Gompertz模型进行动力学研究,各预处理的预测值与实测值吻合较好,相关系数>0.95. 稻壳样品的预处理和物料的混合提高了沼气和甲烷的产量。
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引用次数: 0
THE FINITE ELEMENT EVALUATION OF SUPPORT BRACKET USING THE APPLICATION OF TOPOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION 应用拓扑优化方法对支架进行有限元评价
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-25 DOI: 10.36909/JER.ICIPPSD.15505
M. Letsatsi, A. Agarwal, I. Pitso
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引用次数: 1
Decision support system for tool condition monitoring in milling process using artificial neural network 基于人工神经网络的铣削过程刀具状态监测决策支持系统
Q4 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.36909/JER.9621
T. Mohanraj, A. Tamilvanan
This work discusses the design of tool condition monitoring system (TCMs) during milling of AISI stainless steel 304 using sound pressure and vibration signals. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments. The various milling parameters and vegetable-based cutting fluids (VBCFs) were optimized to reduce the surface roughness and flank wear. The experimental results reveal the direct relationship between the flank wear and sound & vibration signals. The various statistical parameters were extracted from the measured signals and given as input data to train the neural network. From the developed ANN model, the flank wear was predicted with the mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0656 mm.
本文讨论了基于声压和振动信号的AISI 304不锈钢铣削刀具状态监测系统的设计。采用响应面法(RSM)设计试验。优化了各种铣削参数和植物基切削液(VBCFs),以降低表面粗糙度和侧面磨损。实验结果揭示了声、振动信号与翼面磨损的直接关系。从测量信号中提取各种统计参数作为神经网络训练的输入数据。基于所建立的人工神经网络模型,预测翼面磨损的均方误差(MSE)为0.0656 mm。
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引用次数: 2
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The Journal of Engineering Research
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