Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp85-91
Mohammed Massoud Samba
Recently, there has been interest in using chemical demulsifiers to separate the water phase from crude oil emulsion. Separating the water from the emulsion is crucial before transportation and refining to avoid complications from the water phase. This research introduces a novel chemical demulsifier, Poly (AAc-co-AAm) hydrogel, synthesised at Sebha University. Its characteristics were examined using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy test (FTIR). Its efficiency was tested against commercial demulsifiers (Emulsotron and Dmo-66813) used in some Libyan oil fields. The chosen concentrations for Poly (AAc-co-AAm) were 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, while commercial demulsifiers were tested based on the standard method in the oil field. The results revealed that Poly (AAc-co-AAm) outperformed the commercial demulsifiers in terms of separation time, volume, and quality. Notably, the 0.5% concentration of Poly (AAc-co-AAm) provided the best separation results.
{"title":"A Novel Demulsifier Used to Separate Water from the Emulsion","authors":"Mohammed Massoud Samba","doi":"10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp85-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp85-91","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been interest in using chemical demulsifiers to separate the water phase from crude oil emulsion. Separating the water from the emulsion is crucial before transportation and refining to avoid complications from the water phase. This research introduces a novel chemical demulsifier, Poly (AAc-co-AAm) hydrogel, synthesised at Sebha University. Its characteristics were examined using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy test (FTIR). Its efficiency was tested against commercial demulsifiers (Emulsotron and Dmo-66813) used in some Libyan oil fields. The chosen concentrations for Poly (AAc-co-AAm) were 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, while commercial demulsifiers were tested based on the standard method in the oil field. The results revealed that Poly (AAc-co-AAm) outperformed the commercial demulsifiers in terms of separation time, volume, and quality. Notably, the 0.5% concentration of Poly (AAc-co-AAm) provided the best separation results.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp45-51
Mostafa Eidiani
Electricity market players prioritize available transfer capability (ATC) as an attractive solution. Market participants can gain a financial advantage through accurate and fast ATC solutions. In order to provide a suitable and valuable solution, we use differential load flow equations. A dynamic system's entire time-domain trajectory can be solved by this method, along with a fictional time-domain differential equation. This article uses Newton-Raphson-Seydel instead of Newton-Raphson, which can also be used to determine voltage stability. A variable frequency transformer (VFT) was used in this study to increase and control transmission power. A 50% time saving on small systems was achieved with the proposed method, which was applied to seven different systems. In addition, it performed better on large systems by more than 90%. This proposal for static ATC presents promising results and can be applied to online applications.
{"title":"A Quick and Comprehensive Method for Determining Static ATC with NRS and VFT","authors":"Mostafa Eidiani","doi":"10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp45-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp45-51","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity market players prioritize available transfer capability (ATC) as an attractive solution. Market participants can gain a financial advantage through accurate and fast ATC solutions. In order to provide a suitable and valuable solution, we use differential load flow equations. A dynamic system's entire time-domain trajectory can be solved by this method, along with a fictional time-domain differential equation. This article uses Newton-Raphson-Seydel instead of Newton-Raphson, which can also be used to determine voltage stability. A variable frequency transformer (VFT) was used in this study to increase and control transmission power. A 50% time saving on small systems was achieved with the proposed method, which was applied to seven different systems. In addition, it performed better on large systems by more than 90%. This proposal for static ATC presents promising results and can be applied to online applications.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp23-32
FAHAD A. AL-OTAIBI
This study delves into the potential of using modified sabkha soil, a low-quality material, as a cost-effective solution for road construction in Kuwait, a country grappling with resource limitations. The research evaluates the effects of adding different percentages of bitumen (0%, 4%, 8%, and 10%) to sabkha soil samples, specifically looking at their load-bearing capacity under long-term soaking conditions. The findings indicate that adding up to 8% bitumen enhances the soil's geotechnical properties and its load-bearing capacity. However, any further addition leads to a decline in these properties. Importantly, the soil's load capacity shows significant improvement under soaked conditions. These encouraging laboratory results suggest that utilizing waste sabkha soil could pave the way for effective soil waste management techniques, thereby addressing environmental concerns related to sabkha soil disposal.
{"title":"Effects of Long-Term Soaking on the Load-Bearing Capacity of Bitumen-Treated Saline Sabkha Soil Subgrade","authors":"FAHAD A. AL-OTAIBI","doi":"10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp23-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp23-32","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the potential of using modified sabkha soil, a low-quality material, as a cost-effective solution for road construction in Kuwait, a country grappling with resource limitations. The research evaluates the effects of adding different percentages of bitumen (0%, 4%, 8%, and 10%) to sabkha soil samples, specifically looking at their load-bearing capacity under long-term soaking conditions. The findings indicate that adding up to 8% bitumen enhances the soil's geotechnical properties and its load-bearing capacity. However, any further addition leads to a decline in these properties. Importantly, the soil's load capacity shows significant improvement under soaked conditions. These encouraging laboratory results suggest that utilizing waste sabkha soil could pave the way for effective soil waste management techniques, thereby addressing environmental concerns related to sabkha soil disposal.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp73-84
Samia Chettouh, Saleh Arif
Chemical risk is considered one of the most frequent risks in the workplace, affecting the safety of workers continuously exposed to chemical substances. In addition, it can have an environmental impact and cause an explosion when unacceptable conditions are met. To know the effects of chemical risks and how to prevent them, this study is proposed, the main objective of which is the evaluation of chemical hazards and the proposal of an action plan to avoid this kind of risk in industrial companies. Our case study focused on the crude oil production company " PERTAMINA" using the SEIRICH software. The results indicate that most chemicals are hazardous and can cause serious harm to workers exposed to them periodically. Therefore, the proposed preventive action plan for safety improvement aims to ensure continuous development in oil and gas field production, processing, and distribution, taking into account the health and safety of workers.
{"title":"Chemical Risk Assessment and Prevention Action Plan Related to Petroleum Production. Case Study of Laboratory and Storage Units in an Algerian Oil and Gas Company","authors":"Samia Chettouh, Saleh Arif","doi":"10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp73-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp73-84","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical risk is considered one of the most frequent risks in the workplace, affecting the safety of workers continuously exposed to chemical substances. In addition, it can have an environmental impact and cause an explosion when unacceptable conditions are met. To know the effects of chemical risks and how to prevent them, this study is proposed, the main objective of which is the evaluation of chemical hazards and the proposal of an action plan to avoid this kind of risk in industrial companies. Our case study focused on the crude oil production company \" PERTAMINA\" using the SEIRICH software. The results indicate that most chemicals are hazardous and can cause serious harm to workers exposed to them periodically. Therefore, the proposed preventive action plan for safety improvement aims to ensure continuous development in oil and gas field production, processing, and distribution, taking into account the health and safety of workers.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risk analysis is crucial in industrial conception. HAZOP is the top risk analysis method for the oil and gas sector. This paper presents a semi-automatic method to address HAZOP's limitations and produce automatic results. The method uses a knowledge base, initially filled with gas liquefaction data, and is enhanced with subsequent case studies. An inference engine processes this data to conduct a HAZOP study. Propagation rules identify potential deviation paths, enabling risk analysis and consequence prediction based on the knowledge base. This method uniquely illustrates deviation paths and introduces nodes along these paths for further study. The findings derive from dynamic knowledge of each system in the knowledge base and can be reviewed and amended by experts.
{"title":"HAZard and OPerability Study Analysis as a Semi-Automatic Approach","authors":"Soufyane Boutadjine, Mourad korichi, Ilyas sellami","doi":"10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp52-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp52-72","url":null,"abstract":"Risk analysis is crucial in industrial conception. HAZOP is the top risk analysis method for the oil and gas sector. This paper presents a semi-automatic method to address HAZOP's limitations and produce automatic results. The method uses a knowledge base, initially filled with gas liquefaction data, and is enhanced with subsequent case studies. An inference engine processes this data to conduct a HAZOP study. Propagation rules identify potential deviation paths, enabling risk analysis and consequence prediction based on the knowledge base. This method uniquely illustrates deviation paths and introduces nodes along these paths for further study. The findings derive from dynamic knowledge of each system in the knowledge base and can be reviewed and amended by experts.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of fly ash in construction has been on the rise, yet its application in pavement construction remains relatively underexplored. This study addresses this gap by critically reviewing 70 years of research on fly ash usage in pavement engineering, offering valuable recommendations. Class 'C' fly ash is employed for soil stabilization, while class 'F' is used in concrete. In both flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavements, fly ash primarily functions as a filler material. Fine ash, owing to its fineness, enhances asphalt concrete by reducing void ratios and water sensitivity, as well as easing subgrade compaction while increasing compressive strength. Incorporating fly ash into Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) enhances resistance to cracking and oxidative ageing. Adding fly ash (up to 25%) significantly boosts soil failure stress and strain values by 106% and 50%, respectively, while a combination of 8% lime and 18% fly ash yields maximum shear strength. A modest amount of lime (1-2%) mixed with 10% fly ash achieves a maximum dry density of 1.98 gm/cm3 at an optimal water content of 12.62%. Additional testing by researchers corroborates and validates the findings of this literature review.
{"title":"State-of-the-Art Review on Utilization of Fly Ash in Pavement Structures","authors":"Marwa Jazi, Uneb Gazder, Md Arifuzzaman, Madiha Abid","doi":"10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp33-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp33-44","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fly ash in construction has been on the rise, yet its application in pavement construction remains relatively underexplored. This study addresses this gap by critically reviewing 70 years of research on fly ash usage in pavement engineering, offering valuable recommendations. Class 'C' fly ash is employed for soil stabilization, while class 'F' is used in concrete. In both flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavements, fly ash primarily functions as a filler material. Fine ash, owing to its fineness, enhances asphalt concrete by reducing void ratios and water sensitivity, as well as easing subgrade compaction while increasing compressive strength. Incorporating fly ash into Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) enhances resistance to cracking and oxidative ageing. Adding fly ash (up to 25%) significantly boosts soil failure stress and strain values by 106% and 50%, respectively, while a combination of 8% lime and 18% fly ash yields maximum shear strength. A modest amount of lime (1-2%) mixed with 10% fly ash achieves a maximum dry density of 1.98 gm/cm3 at an optimal water content of 12.62%. Additional testing by researchers corroborates and validates the findings of this literature review.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp1-11
Rohit Vasudeva, Dr M Abdul Akbar
The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates in rigid pavements instead of conventional aggregates in Himalayan regions solves the problem associated with shrinking natural resources and dumping of wastes. This study studied the effect of partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregates by RAP in Dry Lean Concrete (DLC) mixes suitable for rigid pavements. A total of 114 specimens (cubical and cylindrical) were cast and tested for mechanical and durability properties as per ASTM and IS code guidelines, partially replaced with CRAP by 25%, 50%, and 75% by weight. The simultaneous effect of fly ash addition by partial replacement of cement by it was also studied. The study concludes that 25% partial replacement by CRAP with 10% fly ash as partial replacement of cement led to the achievement of the strength benchmark as mandated by IRC SP 44 (2014). It was also observed that durability properties such as resistance to acid attack, sulphate attack and carbonation also improved in DLC mixes, including CRAP and fly ash, when compared to control mixes.
{"title":"Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregates on Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete Mixes in Rigid Pavements","authors":"Rohit Vasudeva, Dr M Abdul Akbar","doi":"10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp1-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp1-11","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates in rigid pavements instead of conventional aggregates in Himalayan regions solves the problem associated with shrinking natural resources and dumping of wastes. This study studied the effect of partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregates by RAP in Dry Lean Concrete (DLC) mixes suitable for rigid pavements. A total of 114 specimens (cubical and cylindrical) were cast and tested for mechanical and durability properties as per ASTM and IS code guidelines, partially replaced with CRAP by 25%, 50%, and 75% by weight. The simultaneous effect of fly ash addition by partial replacement of cement by it was also studied. The study concludes that 25% partial replacement by CRAP with 10% fly ash as partial replacement of cement led to the achievement of the strength benchmark as mandated by IRC SP 44 (2014). It was also observed that durability properties such as resistance to acid attack, sulphate attack and carbonation also improved in DLC mixes, including CRAP and fly ash, when compared to control mixes.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp12-22
Huda Jassim, Amal Khalil
In this study, two sides were studied. First one included single and combined pretreatment which were performed to treat milled rice husks compared to increase the production of biogas untreated rice husks. The other side included investigate the effect of two types of mixing: mixing rice husks and okra stalks using three mixing ratios inoculated with ostrich dung compared to rice husks and okra stalks inoculated with ostrich dung separately and mixing ostrich dung and cow manure using three mixing ratios with rice husks compared to using rice husks inoculated with ostrich dung and cow manure separately. The ten reactors, which were carried out in this study, were in batch mode. Single pretreatment included hydrothermal and oxidative pretreatment with 50% (v/v) H2O2, while combined pretreatment consisted of both hydrothermal and H2O2 pretreatment. The cow manure was used as inoculum in this anaerobic co-digestion process. The results clarified that the increase of biogas productions were by 5.42%, 48.05%, and 59.07% for hydrothermal, H2O2, and combined pretreatment of hydrothermal and H2O2, respectively. For first mixing, 25:75 ratio (rice husks: okra stalks) was better than other ratios in the production of biogas (48.77 ml/g VS). In the second case of mixing, 75:25 ratio (ostrich dung: cow manure) was better than other ratios in the production of biogas (21.85 ml/g VS). Kinetic study was applied using modified Gompertz model, and there was well agreement between the predicted and measured values of the all pretreatments with correlation coefficient > 0.95. The pretreatment samples of rice husks and the mixing of materials improve the production of biogas and methane.
{"title":"Enhanced Biogas Production from Rice Husks and Okra Stalks by Co-digestion with Ostrich Dung and Cow Manure","authors":"Huda Jassim, Amal Khalil","doi":"10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp12-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol20iss2pp12-22","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, two sides were studied. First one included single and combined pretreatment which were performed to treat milled rice husks compared to increase the production of biogas untreated rice husks. The other side included investigate the effect of two types of mixing: mixing rice husks and okra stalks using three mixing ratios inoculated with ostrich dung compared to rice husks and okra stalks inoculated with ostrich dung separately and mixing ostrich dung and cow manure using three mixing ratios with rice husks compared to using rice husks inoculated with ostrich dung and cow manure separately. The ten reactors, which were carried out in this study, were in batch mode. Single pretreatment included hydrothermal and oxidative pretreatment with 50% (v/v) H2O2, while combined pretreatment consisted of both hydrothermal and H2O2 pretreatment. The cow manure was used as inoculum in this anaerobic co-digestion process. The results clarified that the increase of biogas productions were by 5.42%, 48.05%, and 59.07% for hydrothermal, H2O2, and combined pretreatment of hydrothermal and H2O2, respectively. For first mixing, 25:75 ratio (rice husks: okra stalks) was better than other ratios in the production of biogas (48.77 ml/g VS). In the second case of mixing, 75:25 ratio (ostrich dung: cow manure) was better than other ratios in the production of biogas (21.85 ml/g VS). Kinetic study was applied using modified Gompertz model, and there was well agreement between the predicted and measured values of the all pretreatments with correlation coefficient > 0.95. The pretreatment samples of rice husks and the mixing of materials improve the production of biogas and methane.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tamilvanan, M. Bharathiraja, K. Balamurugan, C. Sasikumar
The present investigation mainly focuses on to overcome the limitations of gasoline fumigation in diesel engine by adding up of nanofuel additives. Experiments were conducted to ascertain the engine working characteristics in a single cylinder, four stroke, multi fuel, variable compression ratio engine using (Al2O3) aluminium oxide nano additives blended diesel as a main injection fuel along with gasoline fumigation as an inducted fuel. Gasoline fumigation was achieved by controlling the electronic injector fitted at the intake manifold using open ECU software. Fuel map for gasoline fumigation was determined based on experiments with three divergent fumigation rates of 10%, 20% and 30% based on energy consumption and optimized using design of experiments. The optimization showed 10% fumigation resulted in better performance and emission characteristics and it was selected for this present investigation. Fumigation results showed decrease in brake thermal efficiency at low and medium loads; increase in brake thermal efficiency at high loads. The two different mass fractions of 25 ppm and 50 ppm Al2O3 nano liquid was blended with diesel. From the results, it was observed that Al2O3 nano additive blended diesel along with gasoline fumigation showed better performance and decreased emission characteristics. Compared to gasoline fumigation with diesel, gasoline fumigation along with 25 and 50ppm Al2O3 nanoadditives blended diesel showed that the brake thermal efficiency was enhanced about 1.95% and 3.97%, CO emission was reduced about 12.59% and 23.63%, unburned HC emission was reduced about 25.04% and 35.06%, smoke opacity was reduced about 18.74% and 31.43% maximum in-cylinder pressure was increased about 2.12% and 3.17% and cumulative heat release was increased about 0.21% and 0.92% for 25 and 50ppm Al2O3 nanoadditives blended diesel along with gasoline fumigation respectively at overall operating conditions. As the dosage level of Al2O3 increases from 25ppm to 50 ppm results in further enhancement of all working parameters except NOx emission. Finally, the addition Al2O3 nano additive was suitable solution to overcome the limitations of gasoline fumigation.
{"title":"Effect of Aluminium Oxide Nano Additive on Diesel along with Gasoline Fumigation in Single Cylinder Diesel Engine","authors":"A. Tamilvanan, M. Bharathiraja, K. Balamurugan, C. Sasikumar","doi":"10.36909/JER.10479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36909/JER.10479","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation mainly focuses on to overcome the limitations of gasoline fumigation in diesel engine by adding up of nanofuel additives. Experiments were conducted to ascertain the engine working characteristics in a single cylinder, four stroke, multi fuel, variable compression ratio engine using (Al2O3) aluminium oxide nano additives blended diesel as a main injection fuel along with gasoline fumigation as an inducted fuel. Gasoline fumigation was achieved by controlling the electronic injector fitted at the intake manifold using open ECU software. Fuel map for gasoline fumigation was determined based on experiments with three divergent fumigation rates of 10%, 20% and 30% based on energy consumption and optimized using design of experiments. The optimization showed 10% fumigation resulted in better performance and emission characteristics and it was selected for this present investigation. Fumigation results showed decrease in brake thermal efficiency at low and medium loads; increase in brake thermal efficiency at high loads. The two different mass fractions of 25 ppm and 50 ppm Al2O3 nano liquid was blended with diesel. From the results, it was observed that Al2O3 nano additive blended diesel along with gasoline fumigation showed better performance and decreased emission characteristics. Compared to gasoline fumigation with diesel, gasoline fumigation along with 25 and 50ppm Al2O3 nanoadditives blended diesel showed that the brake thermal efficiency was enhanced about 1.95% and 3.97%, CO emission was reduced about 12.59% and 23.63%, unburned HC emission was reduced about 25.04% and 35.06%, smoke opacity was reduced about 18.74% and 31.43% maximum in-cylinder pressure was increased about 2.12% and 3.17% and cumulative heat release was increased about 0.21% and 0.92% for 25 and 50ppm Al2O3 nanoadditives blended diesel along with gasoline fumigation respectively at overall operating conditions. As the dosage level of Al2O3 increases from 25ppm to 50 ppm results in further enhancement of all working parameters except NOx emission. Finally, the addition Al2O3 nano additive was suitable solution to overcome the limitations of gasoline fumigation.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91334063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. G. Narmadha, Dr. S. Deivasigamani, Dr. K. Balasubadra, Mr. M. Selvaraj
Low power is an essential requirement for suitable multimedia devices, image compression techniques utilizing several signal processing architectures and algorithms. In numerous multimedia applications, human beings are able to congregate practical information from somewhat erroneous outputs. Therefore, exact outputs are not necessary to produce. In digital signal processing system, adders play a vital role as an arithmetic module in fixing the power and area utilization of the system. The trade-off parameters such as area, time and power utilization and also the fault tolerance environment of few applications have been employed as a base for the adverse development and use of approximate adders. In this paper, various types of existing adders and approximate adders are analyzed based on the area, delay and power consumption. Also, an approximate, high speed and power efficient adder is proposed, which yields better performance than that of the existing adders. It can be used in various image processing applications and data mining, where the accurate outputs are not needed. The existing and proposed approximate adders are simulated by using Xilinx ISE for time and area utilization. Power simulation has been done by using Microwind Software.
{"title":"A LOW POWER AND HIGH SPEED APPROXIMATE ADDER FOR IMAGE PROCESSING APPLICATIONS","authors":"Dr. G. Narmadha, Dr. S. Deivasigamani, Dr. K. Balasubadra, Mr. M. Selvaraj","doi":"10.36909/JER.10037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36909/JER.10037","url":null,"abstract":"Low power is an essential requirement for suitable multimedia devices, image compression techniques utilizing several signal processing architectures and algorithms. In numerous multimedia applications, human beings are able to congregate practical information from somewhat erroneous outputs. Therefore, exact outputs are not necessary to produce. In digital signal processing system, adders play a vital role as an arithmetic module in fixing the power and area utilization of the system. The trade-off parameters such as area, time and power utilization and also the fault tolerance environment of few applications have been employed as a base for the adverse development and use of approximate adders. In this paper, various types of existing adders and approximate adders are analyzed based on the area, delay and power consumption. Also, an approximate, high speed and power efficient adder is proposed, which yields better performance than that of the existing adders. It can be used in various image processing applications and data mining, where the accurate outputs are not needed. The existing and proposed approximate adders are simulated by using Xilinx ISE for time and area utilization. Power simulation has been done by using Microwind Software.","PeriodicalId":31979,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Engineering Research","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76049900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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