淫羊藿茎皮提取物处理后约氏疟原虫的阶段性变化及植物化学抗氧化评价

Elba Carrasco-Ramírez, Perla Y. López-Camacho, A. Zepeda-Rodríguez, P. Bizarro-Nevares, Filiberto Malagón-Gutiérrez, G. Basurto-Islas, Norma Rivera-Fernández
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摘要

疟疾流行区大多位于第三世界国家,在那里抗疟药不容易找到,或者患者负担不起,因此,他们必须转向天然产物或植物药。本研究采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察了犀草(Hl)甲醇茎皮提取物(HlMeOHe)对经彼得斯(Peters)口服4天后约利约利疟原虫(Pyy)无性红细胞期超微结构的影响,光镜下观察了血涂片上寄生虫的发育情况。同样,采用鉴定植物成分的标准程序对提取物进行定性测试;采用Brand-Williams法和自由基阳离子脱色法测定其抗氧化活性。结果表明,与对照组相比,处理组环体和滋养体的比例更高,而滋养体和分裂体的比例更低,分裂体的数量更多。TEM图像显示,一些处理过的寄生虫,轻度寄生虫膜,细胞器肿胀和核糖体缺失。植物化学分析表明,该提取物含有生物碱、单宁、类固醇、萜类、黄酮类、酚类和皂苷。两种抗氧化方法的半数最大抑制浓度(IC50) (μg/mL)分别为423.83和202.95。综上所述,HlMeOHe改变了Pyy红细胞内无性期的发育和超微结构,并且由于其植物化学成分,显示出体外抗氧化活性。
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Stage-Specific Changes on Plasmodium yoelii yoelii Following Treatment with Hintonia latiflora Stem Bark Extract and Phytochemical-Antioxidant Evaluation
Malaria endemic zones are mostly located on third world countries, where antimalarials are not easily found or patients cannot afford them, and in consequence, they must turn toward natural products or phytomedicines. In the present study, the effect of Hinotnia latiflora (Hl) methanolic stem bark extract (HlMeOHe) on the ultrastructure of the asexual intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii (Pyy) after a Peters’ four-day oral treatment was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as the parasite development on blood smears, analyzed by light microscopy. Likewise, extract was subjected to qualitative tests adopting standard procedures for identification of phytoconstituents; its antioxidant activity was evaluated according to the method of Brand-Williams and by the radical cation decolorization assay. Results showed higher percentage of rings and lower percentage of trophozoites and schizonts in the treated animals, in comparison with those of the control groups, which demonstrated lower percentage of rings and trophozoites, and schizonts in higher number. Images of TEM showed in some treated parasites, mild parasite membranes, organelle swelling and ribosomal depletion. The phytochemical profile demonstrated that the extract contains alkaloids, tannis, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics and saponins. The obtained values of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in μg/mL, for both antioxidant assays were of 423.83 and 202.95 respectively. It is concluded that HlMeOHe altered the development of the intraerythrocytic asexual stages and the ultrastructure of Pyy, and due to its phytochemical constituents, showed an in vitro antioxidant activity.
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